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Medicine > Mouth and Swallowing > Flashcards

Mouth and Swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 roles of saliva?

A

Lubrication (of mouth and food) and cleaning

Facilitation of taste

Protection against acid and bacteria

Digestion

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2
Q

Which autonomic nervous system type activates secretion of watery saliva?

A

Parasympathetic

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3
Q

Which autonomic nervous system type activates secretion of mucoid saliva?

A

Sympathetic

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4
Q

What three factors is the salivatory centre in the brain stem driven by?

A 
Local stimuli (taste and touch in the mouth)
Central stimuli (smell & sight of food, etc)
Learned reflex – (think of Pavlov’s dogs)
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5
Q

In a ‘salivon’ what does the initial isotonic fluid mainly contain?

A

NaCl, protein and/or mucus

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6
Q

As the initial isotonic fluid passes along the duct, salt reabsorption and HCO3- (and K+) secretion leads to what?

A

A hypotonic, alkaline fluid

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7
Q

The major salivary glands are the sublingual gland, the submandibular gland and which other?

A

Parotid gland

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8
Q

As the largest salivary gland, the parotid gland accounts for what percentage of salivary volume?

A

about 25%

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9
Q

What type of secretion does the parotid gland predominantly secrete?

A

Serous secretion

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10
Q

The parotid gland is the main source of what?

A

Salivary amylase and proline-rich proteins

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11
Q

The parotid gland receives ________supply via CN IX (glossopharyngeal) and
________ supply from the superior cervical ganglion.

A

Parasympathetic - CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Sympathetic - superior cervical ganglion

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12
Q

What percentage of salivary volume does the submandibular gland account for?

A

about 70%

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13
Q

What is the submandibular gland the main source of?

A

Lysozyme and lactoperoxidase

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14
Q

Which nerve provides parasympathetic supply to the submandibular gland?

A

CN VII (facial)

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15
Q

What type of secretion does the sublingual gland predominantly secrete?

A

mucous

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16
Q

What is the sublingual gland the main source of?

A

lingual lipase

17
Q

At what pH are a-amylases denatured?

A

4

18
Q

Which sites can a-amylases cut at?

A

a-1,4 sites, not at a-1,6 sites

19
Q

What is the function of lingual lipase?

A

initial digestion of triglycerides

20
Q

What is the optimum pH of lingual lipase?

A

pH 4

21
Q

What are lingual lipases denatured by?

A

Pancreatic proteases

22
Q

What enzyme does lingual lipase work together with?

A

gastric lipase

23
Q

When lingual lipase cleaves the outer fatty acids off triglycerides, what does it leave?

A

diacyl glycerol

24
Q

What are the three types of papillae?

A

Foliate, circumvallate, fungiform

25
Q

What are the two taste sensors (specialized epithelial cells) called?

A

Ion channel-based sensor

GPCR-based sensor

26
Q

Whilst taste sensors are specialized epithelial cells, what kind of cells are odour (olfactory) receptors?

A

nerve cells

27
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

A

nasopharynx closes
pharynx wall contracts
contraction of the glottis

28
Q

What are the dimensions of the average oesophagus?

A

25cm long and 2cm wide

29
Q

What type of cells line the oesophagus?

A

stratified squamous epithelial cells

30
Q

Control of GI motility and secretion is mediated by which parasympathetic nerve?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Vagus also carries afferent fibres which contribute – feedback system.

31
Q

Salivary secretion is mediated by which parasympathetic nerves?

A

Facial and glossopharyngeal nerves (CN VII and IX)

32
Q

Chewing involves mandibular

  • Elevation and ________
  • Protraction and ________
  • Medial and _______ movement
A

Chewing involves mandibular
Elevation and depression
Protraction and retraction
Medial and lateral movement

Medicine (25 decks)

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