Large Intestine Flashcards
What are the 6 main parts of the large intestine called?
Cecum Ascending Colon Transverse Colon Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon Rectum
What kind of enema is used as contrast in imaging of the large intesting
Barium enema
What are haustra?
The haustra (singular haustrum) of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation, which give the colon its segmented appearance.
What kind of valve is the ileoceacal valve?
flutter valve - one way
During ileal distension is the ileoceacal valve open or closed?
open
During caecal distension is the ileocaecal valve open or closed?
closed
What is haustration?
Slow contractions of the circular muscle squeeze contents to and fro, as in segmentation
What is a mass movement?
Occasionally (a few times a day), become organised into a peristaltic wave. Haustra briefly disappear as the mass movement sweeps by, then reform.
What is the coordination of motility in the large intestine controlled by?
Most control is intrinsic, via the enteric nervous system.
Some parasympathetic control.
Motility also affected by enteroendocrine and neurocrine influences, from cells releasing what?
5-HT and Peptide YY
What reflexes can trigger mass movements?
Gastrocolic and orthocolic reflexes.
What is an ileal brake?
The presence of undigested lipid in distal ileum and proximal colon releases peptide YY, slowing gastric emptying and small bowel peristalsis
What is responsible for digestion in the colon?
Bacteria, not enzymes!
When bacteria digest fibre, what is produced?
short chain fatty acids such as butyric acid, hydrogen, and methane.
When bacteria digest urea and amino acids, what is produced?
ammonia