Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards
What is chronic kidney disease defined as?
Reduced kidney function Long-standing (> 3 months) Reversal unlikely
What are some causes of CKD?
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Glomerular disease
- Inherited disorders e.g autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
- Renal vascular disease
- Acute kidney injury
- Interstitial disease
What percentage of diabetes patients develop diabetic nephropathy?
20-30%
What is glomerular disease?
•immune mediated
•both kidneys involved
•can present as
–Nephrotic syndrome
•oedema
•hypoalbuminuria
•proteinuria >3.5g/day
–Asymptomatic haematuria and/or proteinuria
–Nephritic syndrome
•haematuria
•proteinuria (non-nephrotic)
•Hypertension
•AKI
–Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
•acute nephritis
•AKI
What can throat infection, swollen ankles, hypertension be signs of together?
nephritic syndrome
What can Joint pains, rash, fevers, red eyes be signs of together?
RPGN (Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis)
In ADPKD, in addition to multiple cysts, what other health issues may be present?
- Hypertension
- Cardiac abnormalities
- Berry aneurysms
What are the many possible signs and symptoms of CKD?
How is CKD classified?
How is CKD managed?
- BP control
- Cholesterol
- Fluid balance
- Anaemia
- Bone metabolism
- Acidaemia
- Drug prescribing
- Dietary advice
How is high BP reduced?
•Aim BP < 120/80
•Stop smoking
•Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)
–Ramipril
•Diuretic
–Thiazide
•Calcium channel blocker
How is high cholesterol reduced?
•Statins
–atorvastatin
–simvastatin
How is fluid balance maintained?
- Diuretics
- Salt and water restriction
How is anemia treated?
- Recombinant erythropoietin
- Ferrous sulphate
How is Bone Metabolism improved?
•Vitamin D analogue
–increase calcium absorption
•Phosphate binders
–Take with food
•Calcimimetics
–inhibits Parathyroid Hormone secretion
