Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Motor System Notes > Flashcards

Motor System Notes Flashcards

1
Q

enhance the ability of motor control system to produce coordinated movement

A

spinal cord reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

automatic response to stimuli

A

reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

components of reflex are

A
  • afferent pathway ( sensory receptor )
  • integrating centre ( spinal cord or brain )
  • efferent pathway (motor or secretory neuron)
  • effector target ( gland or muscle )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

classification of reflexes are according to

A
  • site of receptor
  • number of synapses
  • site of integration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

site of receptors in motor system includes

A
  • superficial - withdrawal reflex planter abd
  • deep - stretch reflex golgi tendon reflex
  • visceral - micturition defecation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

classification synapses

A
  • monosynaptic i.e. stretch reflex
  • bi synaptic i.e. golgi tendon
  • poly synaptic i.e. withdrawal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

site of integration of motor system includes

A
  • simple ( spinal cord )

- complex ( brain stem cortex )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

spinal reflexes include

A
  • deep reflexes
  • superficial reflexes
  • visceral reflexex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

deep reflexes are located in and include

A

located in muscles and tendons and includes stretch reflex golgi tendon reflex postural spinal reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

superficial reflexes are located in and include

A

located in receptors in the skin and include abdominal reflexes cremasteric reflex planter reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

visceral reflexes are located in and include

A

located in smooth muscles and glands such as the heart blood vessels or structures of the gi tract micturition reflex defecation reflex erection reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

simple deep monosynaptic reflex

A

stretch reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stimulus and response

A

preceded by stretch (stimulus) and then contraction of the skeletal muscle (response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

receptor of stretch reflex is

A

muscle spindle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

common example of stretch reflex is

A

knee jerk reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stretch reflex

A

helps to maintain the length of muscles and contributes to joint stabilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mechanism of knee jerk reflex

A

rubber hammer strikes against the patellar tendon when the hammer strikes it stretches the tendon which pulls on the quadriceps femurs muscle because bones and tendons do not typically pull muscles, the muscle “thinks” it is stretching very rapidly, and the reflex acts to counteract this stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

mechanism of reflex also includes

A

the activation of an interneuron that inhibits the alpha motor neuron of the antagonistic muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mechanism of interneurons that inhibits the alpha motor neuron of the antagonistic muscle

A

primary afferent neurons stimulate inhibitory interneurons interneuron inhibits alpha motor neuron antagonist muscle relaxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

muscle spindle

A

spindle shape encapsulated muscle fibres has intrafusal fibres and extrafusal fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

have sensory & motor innervation

A

intrafusal fibres of muscle spindle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

generate tension

A

extrafusal fibres of muscle spindle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the two types of fibres in muscle spindles (intrafusal fibres)

A

nuclear bag fibres and nuclear chain fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

nuclear bag fibres

A
  • 30µm in diameter
  • 7mm in length
  • nuclei gathered centrally as if in a bag
  • 2-3 nuclear bag fibers present in a typical spindle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

two types of nuclei bag fibres

A
  • dynamic

- static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nuclear chain fibres

A
  • 15µm in diameter
  • 4mm in length
  • nuclei lined up in single chain centrally
  • 6-10 nuclear chain fiber present in each spindle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

attach to central part which is sensitive to stretch

A

afferents motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

attach to the end which are contractile

A

efferents motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what connects intrafusal and extrafusal fibres

A

connective tissue which allows the fibres to interact together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

stimulus of muscle spindle

A
  • extrafusal fibers stretch that lead to stretch of the
    central part of the intrafusal fibres by gravity or tapping
    a muscle
  • contraction of intrafusal fibers ends carried by γ efferent
    discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the separate motor innervation that is located in the intrafusal muscle fibres and what is its function

A

gamma efferent motoneurons (also located in the anterior horn) neurons co-activate with alpha motoneurons to ensure that the intrafusal fibres remain under tension (do not become slack) when muscles contract, so that stretch-sensitivity is maintained during movement

32
Q

how many sensory afferent neurons emerging from the muscle spindle

A

two

33
Q

the sensory afferent neurons emerging from the muscle spindle

A

type 1a fibers and type 2 fibers

34
Q

type 1a fibres 1ry sensory fiber

A
  • single large myelinated fibre rapidly conducting
  • wrap around nuclear bag ( static and dynamic )
    nuclear chain fibers, to form ( annulospirl endings )
35
Q

provides information about the rate of change in muscle length (dynamic) and change in muscle length (static)

A

type 1a fiber 1ry sensory fiber

36
Q

annulospirl endings

A

type of nerve fiber ending in muscle spindles in which the nerve fiber is wrapped around the muscle fiber near the center of the spindle

37
Q

type 2 fibres 2ry sensory endings

A
  • have lower conduction velocity than type 1a
  • wrap only on static nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibres
  • to form ( flower spray endings )
38
Q

provides information about the change in muscle length (static)

A

type 2 fibres 2ry sensory endings

39
Q

rapid discharge during muscle stretch comes from nuclear bag it measure the rate of change in muscle stretch

A

dynamic

40
Q

less rapid discharge during sustain stretch comes from nuclear chain and static nuclear bag measure the muscle length

A

static

41
Q

neurotransmitter of efferent neuron is

A

glutamate

42
Q

neurotransmitter of interneuron is

A

glycine

43
Q

how many efferent motor fibres are there

A

two

44
Q

efferent motor fibres are

A

type A alpha and type A gamma

45
Q

supply the extrafusal fiber to do muscle contraction

A

type A alpa

46
Q

supply the intrafusal fibres contractile part to there receptor sensitivity to stretch & generate muscle tone

A

type A gamma

47
Q

types of type A gamma fibres

A

dynamic γ fibers and static

48
Q

innervate dynamic nuclear bag sensitivity of 1a afferent to stretch ( plate ending )

A

dynamic γ fibers

49
Q

innervate nuclear chain & and static nuclear bag tonic activity in 1a afferents at any given muscle length ( trail ending )

A

static

50
Q

skeletal muscle tone

A

state of continuous mild contraction of skeletal muscle during rest

51
Q

mechanism of skeletal muscle tone

A

static type of stretch reflex

52
Q

caused by the normal tonic discharge of the A gamma

A

skeletal muscle tone

53
Q

stimulus of muscle tone

A
  • natural stretch of muscles
  • gravitational force
  • gamma efferent discharge
54
Q

responsible for maintaining the erect posture against gravity

A

muscle tone

55
Q

when does muscle tone increase and decrease

A

increases when muscles are relaxed and decreased when muscle are contract this prevent the jerkiness of movement (rigidity)

56
Q

holds the viscera back and prevent bulging

A

muscle tone

57
Q

important in venous return and maintains normal body tempreature

A

muscle tone

58
Q

facilitate and inhibit discharge

A

supra spinal centres

59
Q

facilitators their discharge increase sensitivity of muscle spindle to stretch

A

pyramidal tract & cerebellum

60
Q

loss of this facilitation cause hypotonia

A

pyramidal tract & cerebellum increasing sensitivity of muscle spindle to stretch

61
Q

extrapyramidal tracts are inhibitory loss of basal ganglia & spinal cord transection

A

result in ↑tone

62
Q

deep spinal bisynaptic reflex

A

golgi tendon reflex

63
Q

stimulus of golgi tendon reflex

A

excessive tension ( hyper stretch )

64
Q

receptor of golgi tendon reflex

A

golgi tendon organ (plexus of nerve ending with in the tendon of muscle ) connected in series with extrafusal fibers

65
Q

how is the golgi tendon reflex stimulated

A

stimulated when the muscle contracted & pulls on its tendon

66
Q

in over stretch of muscle contraction is replaced by

A

relaxation that protect the muscle against rupture & tendon avulsion

67
Q

reciprocal innervation

A

describes skeletal muscles as existing in antagonistic pairs, with contraction of one muscle producing forces opposite to those generated by contraction of the other

68
Q

epsp and ipsp

A

EPSP is received when an excitatory presynaptic cell, connected to the dendrite, fires an action potential An inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) is a temporary hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane caused by the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell.

69
Q

mechanism of reciprocal innervation

A

impulses in afferent to spinal motor neuron produce :

  1. EPSP to the protagonist muscle
  2. IPSP to the antagonist muscle because it ends on Golgi bottle inhibitory interneuron that secrete glycine at synpses
70
Q

primary tendon jerks

A

bicep jerk triceps jerk knee jerk ankle jerk

71
Q

bicep jerk and its corresponding nerve

A

C5 C6

72
Q

tricep jerk and its corresponding nerve

A

C7 C8

73
Q

knee jerk and its corresponding nerve

A

L2 L3 L4

74
Q

ankle jerk and its corresponding nerve

A

S1

75
Q

scratch reflex

A

it initiated by the itch and tickle sensation by example

by moving an insect on the skin

76
Q

scratch reflex is endowed with

A

reciprocal innervation

Physiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions