Motor Speech Disorders Flashcards
________= a group of speech disorders associated with an impairment to motor speech control and execution processes resulting from damage to the PNS and/or CNS.
dysarthrias (pg. 300)
___________= the inability to speak due to severe impairment to motor speech control and execution processes as a result of damage to the PNS/CNS.
anarthria/anarthric mutism (pg. 300)
Onset of dysarthria
based on developmental delay or acquired at any point across lifespan (pg. 300)
Neurological disease can impair the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, and/or accuracy of movements involving what systems?
the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory components of speech production. (pg. 300)
What are some examples of childhood conditions that may lead to dsyarthria?
CP and muscular dystrophy (pg. 300)
Besides the presence of impairment, dysarthria leads to limitations in _______ and restrictions in _______.
activity and participation (pg. 300)
Participation restrictions are always related to speech activity limitations. T or F?
False; they are not always related.
There are also cognitive, linguistic and physical barriers associated with neurological disease. (pg. 300)
Language and literacy are concern for children with MSD, especially if neurological disease occurs prior to speech and lang development. T or F?
True. (pg. 300)
_______= neurogenic speech disorder associated with impairment to motor planning and or programming.
apraxia of speech (pg. 301)
Apraxia of speech is often the result of a lesion to the ______ or ______ lobe of the left cerebral hemisphere.
frontal or parietal (pg. 301)
Apraxia of speech does not present with difficulty with sequential movements for volitional speaking tasks. T or F?
False; there is difficulty with volitional speaking tasks. (pg. 301)
Patients with apraxia of speech exhibit deficits in what?
articulation, rate and prosody. (pg. 301)
total inability to speak :_______ :: few inconsistent articulation errors: ________
severe AOS
mild AOS
(pg. 301)
What makes it difficult to isolate features unique to AOS?
the fact that aphasia often co-occurs with AOS (pg. 301)
____________ = a neurological childhood speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in the absence of neuromuscular deficits.
childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) (pg. 302)
CAS most often occurs as a ___________ onset, but it can also be acquired.
congenital/development (pg. 302)
What are the deficit areas of CAS?
- nonspeech motor behaviors
- motor speech behaviors
- speech sounds and structures
- prosody
- language
- metalinguistic/phonemic awareness
- literacy (pg. 302)
Your assessment of a child with cerebral palsy (CP) shows that in addition to significant
speech and language problems, the child exhibits slow, writhing involuntary movements.You correctly diagnose that the child has which of the following?
Athetoid CP
You have been referred a 75-year-old woman by a neurologist who suspects hypokinetic
dysarthria in her and has requested a speech evaluation and diagnosis of her communication
difficulties. To confirm a diagnosis of hypokinetic dysarthria, you will be especially alert to which of
the following?
A.
Symptoms of Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, or Pick’s disease, evidence of damage to the basal ganglia,
mask-like face, slowness of movement, micrographic writing, monopitch and imprecise articulation
among other symptoms
B. Bilateral facial weakness with less severe lower face weakness, perhaps normal jaw strength,
hyperactive gag reflex, hyperadduction of vocal folds, short phrases, continuous breathy voice, and
predominant hypernasality, among other symptoms
C. Fasciculations and fibrillations of muscles, progressive muscle weakness with use and
recovery with rest, nasal emissions, harsh voice, monopitch, and monoloudness, among other
symptoms
D. Evidence of cerebellar damage; rotated or tilted head posture; over- and undershooting of
movement targets; jerky, inaccurate, and halting movement; prolonged phonemes and intervals
between words or syllables; and impression of drunken speech; among other symptoms
Symptoms of Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, or Pick’s disease, evidence of damage to the basal ganglia,
mask-like face, slowness of movement, micrographic writing, monopitch and imprecise articulation
among other symptoms
Locus of ataxic dysarthria
-Cerebellar system
Locus of Flaccid
- LMN
- ALS
- myasthenia gravis
Locus of Hyperkinetic
-Extrapyramidal
Locus of Hypokinetic
- Extrapyramidal
* Parkinson’s
Locus of Spastic Dysarthria
UMN (bilateral)
Locus of UUUMN
Unilateral UMN
Dysarthria Deficit:s:
- Involuntary movements
- Chorea
- orofacial dyskinesia
- myoclonus
- tics
- athetosis
- dystonia
- tremor
Hyperkinetic
Dysarthria Speech systems/clusters:
R: breathy, audible inspiration, respiratory weakness
A: imprecise consonants, weak pressure consonants
P: harsh, monopitch, monoloudness
R: hypernasality
Flaccid
Dysarthria Speech systems/clusters:
R: audible inspiration, voice tremor, strained voice
A: imprecise consonant production, distorted vowels, prolongations
P: harsh,loudness variations, monoloudness
R: mild hypernasality
Hyperkinetic
Dysarthria Deficit:s:
- Ataxia (incoordination)
- Drunken speech
- gait
- over or undershooting targets
- Uncoordinated halting movements
Ataxic
Dysarthria Speech systems/clusters:
A: imprecise consonants and distortion of vowels
P: monopitch, monoloudness, harsh
hyponasality
Ataxic
Dysarthria Deficit:s:
- Weakness
- fasciculations
- contractions of muscles
Flaccid
Dysarthria Speech systems/clusters:
-swallowing
R: irregular breathing
A :imprecise, distorted consonants
P: monopitch, monoloudness, harsh, breathy
Hypokinetic
Dysarthria Deficit:s:
- Spasticity
- weakness
- loss of fine motor
Spastic Dysarthria
Dysarthria Speech systems/clusters:
A: imprecise production
P: slow, monopitch, monoloudness, reduced stress,breathy, harsh, strained, strangled
R:hypernasality
Spastic Dysarthria
Dysarthria Deficit:s:
- Rigidity
- reduced ROM
- tremors
- mask like face
- shuffle walking
Hypokinetic
Dysarthria Speech systems/clusters:
A: breakdowns, imprecise production of consonants, vowel distortions, sound or syllable repetition
P: slow, monopitch, monoloudness
R: hypernasality, nasal emission
Unilateral UMN
Dysarthria Deficit:s:
- weakness
- incoordination
Unilateral UMN
Most common mixtures
Flaccid-Spastic=ALS
Ataxic-Spastic=MS
