Dementia

Question 1

Language Symptoms:

Verbal and literal paraphasias
Problems comprehending abstract meanings
Impaired picture description 
Echolalia
Palilalia
Logoclonia (repeating the final syllable of words)
empty jargon

Answer 1

Alzhemier Language Symptoms:

Question 2

General Symptoms:

• severe problems recalling remote and recent events
• widespread intellectual deterioration
• Hyperactivity
• Restlessness
• Agitation
• Seizures
• Paranoia, delusions, hallucinations
• Aggression

Answer 2

Later-stage symptoms

Question 3

Characteristics:

Primary Progressive Aphasia

Answer 3

3 variants: nonfluent, semantic, logopenic

Question 4

Language Symptoms:

Slow speech
Moderate naming difficulties
Severe difficulty repeating phrases and sentences
Impaired sentence comprehension
Behavioral changes

Answer 4

Logopenic PPA

Question 5

Causes:

Infectious dementia:

Answer 5

HIV, Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Question 6

Characteristics:

Alzheimer Type

Answer 6

• Most common
• 60-70% irreversible kind
• 2 subtypes: early onset (60-65) and late onset (70-80)

Question 7

Causes:

Dementia with Parkinson’s

Answer 7

• Basal ganglia
• Presence of Lewy Bodies
• Frontal lobe atrophy
• Reduced inhibitory dopamine
• Neurofibrillary tangles and plaques (as found in AD)

Question 8

Language Symptoms:

Loss of word meaning
Excessive and disinhibited speech
Visual agnosia and prosopagnosia
Behavior changes
Shorter sentences

Answer 8

Semantic

Primary Progressive Aphasia

Question 9

Causes:

Dementia with Huntington’s

Answer 9

Loss of neurons in basal ganglia
Atrophy in prefrontal and parietal lobes
Reduced inhibitory transmitters, especially GABA

Question 10

General Symptoms:

• subtle memory problems
• pronounced difficulty learning new tasks
• poor reasoning and judgement
• behavior changes

Answer 10

Early-stage symptoms

Question 11

Causes:

Alzheimer Type

Answer 11

• Neurofibrillary tangles
• neuritic plaques
• neuronal loss
• Neurochemical changes

Question 12

Language Symptoms:

• Deterioration of intellectual functions
• Impaired word list generation
• Naming problems
• D-ysarthria
• Incontinence, sleep disturbances
• muteness

Answer 12

Dementia with Huntington’s

Question 13

Causes:

Primary Progressive Aphasia

Answer 13

Frontotemporal lobes

Question 14

General Symptoms:

Chorea
Tic like movements
Gait
Slow movement
Behavior disorders

Answer 14

Dementia with Huntington’s

Question 15

General Symptoms:

Bradykinesia
Tremors o
Muscle rigidity
Mask like face
Reduced eye blinking
Swallowing

Answer 15

Dementia with Parkinson’s

Question 16

General Symptoms:

behavior changes initially
emotional disturbances
Impaired judgement

Answer 16

Frontotemporal Dementia (INcluding Pick’s Disease)

Question 17

Language Symptoms:

Better preserved memory
Loss of vocabulary
Difficulty defining common words
Limited spontaneous speech
impaired comprehension

Answer 17

Frontotemporal Dementia (INcluding Pick’s Disease)

Question 18

Language Symptoms:

Anomia
Word finding
Apraxia
Memory and cog preserved until 2 years post onset

Answer 18

Nonfluent Primary Progressive Aphasia

Question 19

Language Symptoms:

Reduced volume
Monopitch and monoloudness
Pauses
Slow, fast or festinating speech rate
Dysarthric speech
Serious memory, abstract reasoning and problem solving
Impaired naming and language comprehension
Apathy, hallucinations, delirium

Answer 19

Dementia with Parkinson’s

Question 20

Causes:

Frontotemporal Dementia (INcluding Pick’s Disease)

Answer 20

Presence of pick bodies

Degeneration of nerve cells in left and right frontal lobes, temporal lobe or both lobes in 2 hemispheres