Motor Skills Flashcards
What is a complex response of a dynamic system that allows us to respond appropriately to different systems and demands?
- Movement
What are the 3 kind of constraints that impact responses?
- Performer Constraint
- Environmental Constraint
- Task Constraints
Describe Performer Constraints
- Maturation Level
- Physical Ability
Describe Environmental Constraints
- Physical Environment
- Weather Conditions
Describe Task Constraints
- Rules of the Game
- Student’s understanding of task
- Equipment
What can be manipulated by the teacher to elicit appropriate responses?
- Task Constraints
Describe Teaching Games for Understanding
- Setting Task in game like environment to elicit a skill
How might a teacher alter the task constraints?
- Change equipment
- Change rules
Give an example of when a task constraint might be the reason for an inappropriate response
- Ask for mature overhand serve when students are too close
What are the prerequisites to learning a motor skill?
- Mastery of an earlier skill
- Physical Ability
- Maturation
Describe a clear idea of a task
- What student think they are meant to do = what they are trying to do
Describe motivation/attention of learning a motor skill
- Active engagement in the process
Describe the practice of a motor skill
- Increased consistency of performance
Describe the two types of feedback for motor skill development
- Knowledge of Result (KR)
- Knowledge of Performance (KP)
What are the different types of skills?
- Open or Closed
- Discrete, Continuous, or Serial
Describe Open Skills
- Externally Paced
- Regulated by Variables
What are the implications of teaching Open Skills?
- Gradually add the conditions under wich skill will be performed
What are some examples of a Open Skills?
- Volleybal Forearm Pass
- Basketball Set Shot
Describe Closed Skills
- Self Paced
- Body and Object begin at rest
What are the teaching implications of a Closed Skill?
- Require consistency
- Stable Practice Conditions
What are some examples of a Closed Skill?
- Volleyball Serve
- Archery
Describe a Discrete Skill
- Performed once
- clear beginning and end
Example of Discrete Skill?
- Diving
- B-ball free throw
Describe a Continuous Skill
- Performed continuously
- No clear beginning or end
Examples of Continuous Skills?
- Basketball Dribble
- Hockey Stick handling
Describe Serial Skills
- Discrete Skills put together
- Discrete and Continuous skills together
Example of Serial Skills?
- Hand-stand into forward roll
- Basketball dribble into layup
What are the 3 steps of defining a task?
Step 1
- Decide if skill is open or closed
Step 2
- Decide when to use task
Step 3
- Decide how to change task to make it open or closed
What is an example of designing a task?
- Group of Four
- Stand in Line
- Choose Rope or Ball
- Skip four steps forward, four steps backwards
What does it mean to simplify a task?
- make it easier
What does it mean to extend a task?
- make more challenging
Examples of simplifying a task
- underhand passes only
- balance on two body parts
- stand still while passing
Examples of Extending a Task
- Bounce passes
- Hop on 1 foot while playing catch
- Run, Jump, and Roll
What determines the appropriateness of a response? Example
Environmental Conditions
- To Close, no overhand throw
What do learners do when a skill is not appropriate? example
Adapt the skill to their ability
- Children two hand underhand basketball shot
Describe the different practice conditions
- Whole or Part: start with whole (unless safety issue)
- Practice variability: essential for open skill
- Vary Skills
- Massed or Distributed: shorter/more frequent
Why would you use tasks and progressions to teach a motor skill?
- Safety
- Optimally challenging
- Developmentally appropriate
- Builds Confidence
- Informative Feedback
What are the different types of learning transfers?
- Bilateral Transfer
- Intratask Transfer
- Intertask Transfer
Describe Bilateral Transfer
- One side of the body to the other
Describe Intratask Transfer
- Task in one situation to another
- Practice to game
Describe Intertask Transfer
- One skill to another skill
What side should you start practice with?
- Dominant side
How should practice resemble the skill? Why?
- Accurately
- More transferable
What happens the more a skill is learned?
- More positive transfer to game
What can you use to help a clear transfer of a skill?
- Information students already know
- Abilities they already have
Describe Motor Ability
- Not everyone capable of Olympian
- Most capable of successful participation
How might different cognitive and intelligence levels effect teaching motor skills?
- Learn differently
- but little relationship in ability
What can change the complexity of a movement task?
- Body Use
- Spatial Factor
- Time
- Weight
Describe how Body Use can change the complexity of a task
- Number of body parts involved (golf swing)
- Size of movement (leap for height)
- Control Required (roll on a beam)
- Dominance
Describe how Spatial Factors can change the complexity of a task
- ON the spot or moving
- Size of Equipment
- Direction of Traveling
- Pathway
- Predictability
- Size of Playing Space
Describe how time can change the complexity of a task
- Speed of ball/puck
- Rhythm
- Timing
Describe how Weight can change the complexity of a task
- Strength
- Fine Touch
- Weight of Object
What are the three fundamental movement skills?
- Locomotion
- Stability
- Manipulation
