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Motor Control (Fall 2016) CP > Motor Learning: Special Populations > Flashcards

Motor Learning: Special Populations Flashcards

1
Q

what is the best (one-word) example of explicit memory

A

facts

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2
Q

explicit memory involves knowledge of…

A

knowledge of associations

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3
Q

verbal expressions, writing down of ideas, describing details describes…

A

explicit learning

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4
Q

what is the best (one-word) description for implicit memory

A

automatic

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5
Q

implicit memory is ____ in nature

A

habitual

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6
Q

does implicit memory require conscious/executive control

A

no

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7
Q

explicit memory is ___ recalled

A

consciously recalled

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8
Q

what does explicit memory require

A

awareness/attention/reflection

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9
Q

explicit memory is a _____ process

A

cognitive

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10
Q

what does the therapist provide in explicit learning

A

instructions on how to perform task

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11
Q

implicit memory is ____ learning

A

unintentional

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12
Q

in implicit memory, ____ are learned

A

schemas

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13
Q

what does the therapist promote in implicit learning

A

instructions on how to perform task

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14
Q

what is Alzheimer Disease (AD)

A

progressive degenerative dementia

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15
Q

what is the most common cause of dementia

A

Alzheimer Disease (AD)

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16
Q

what will be the rate of Alzheimer Disease (AD) in 2050

A

1 in 85

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17
Q

what is the definitive cause of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

A

unknown

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18
Q

Alzheimer Disease (AD) is associated with…

A

senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain

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19
Q

in Alzheimer Disease (AD), what happens to the synthesis of NT

A

decrease synthesis

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20
Q

in Alzheimer Disease (AD), what happens to beta-amyloid deposits

A

they are present

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21
Q

in Alzheimer Disease (AD), what happens to myelin

A

breaks down in brain

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22
Q

what are risk factors for Alzheimer Disease (AD)

A

age and genetics

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23
Q

in Alzheimer Disease (AD), what does the loss of neurons and synapses in cerebral cortex and subcortical regions lead to

A

atrophy

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24
Q

what part of the brain can be affected in Alzheimer Disease (AD)

A

hippocampus

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25
Q

in Alzheimer Disease (AD), do symptoms vary in severity

A

yes

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26
Q

four stages of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

A
  1. pre-dementia
  2. early AD
  3. moderate AD
  4. advanced AD
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27
Q

what is involved in the pre-demential phase of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

A
  1. decline in executive function

2. remember recent events

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28
Q

what is the early stage of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

A
  1. confusion

2. irritability/mood swings

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29
Q

what is the moderate stage of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

A
  1. language difficulties

2. motor tasks (fine and gross)

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30
Q

what is the advanced stage of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

A
  1. LTM

2. decline in functional abilities

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31
Q

are patients with dementia/AD able to re-learn skills

A

YUP (but more than likely have to be in pre-dementia/early/sometimes moderate

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32
Q

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), skills mastered without awareness by repeated exposure describes what kind of learning

A

implicit

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33
Q

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), what kind of learning can be unconsciously recalled

A

implicit

34
Q

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), what should be present in implicit learning

A

modeling

35
Q

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), what improved learning pace

A

visual feedback

36
Q

patients with Alzheimer Disease (AD) are able to learn skills using what kind of learning

A

explicitly and implicitly

37
Q

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), is constant or variable practice better

A

constant

38
Q

people with Alzheimer Disease (AD) do not rely on ____ memory

A

episodic

39
Q

what should not be present in people with Alzheimer Disease (AD)

A

dual tasks

40
Q

for people with Alzheimer Disease (AD), what can be created for consistent movements

A

generalized motor program

41
Q

for people with Alzheimer Disease (AD), constant practice leads to…

A

retention of skills up to one month following training

42
Q

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), is massed or distributed more important

A

not sure yet

43
Q

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), is part or whole training better

A

part more beneficial for tasks that can be naturally divided into sub-parts

44
Q

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), what feedback is beneficial in motor learning

A

visual

45
Q

with decreased visibility in patients with Alzheimer Disease (AD), what happened to performance

A

decreased

46
Q

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), is KP or KR better

A

not sure

47
Q

patients with down syndrome have a smaller ______

A

cerebellum

48
Q

patients with down syndrome have a ____ dysfunction

A

hippocampus

49
Q

patients with down syndrome are seemingly “_____”

A

clumsy

50
Q

patients with down syndrome muscle tone

A

hypotonic

51
Q

what do patients with down syndrome do to perform movements (novel tasks)

A

co-contraction patterns

52
Q

patients with down syndrome have difficulty modulation actions under…

A

changing conditions

53
Q

patients with down syndrome have ___ synchronization

A

time

54
Q

patients with down syndrome have increased/decreased? exploration of movement

A

decreased

55
Q

patients with down syndrome have diminished…

A

memory

56
Q

do patients with down syndrome have increased or decreased reaction time

A

increased

57
Q

for patients with down syndrome, what does increased RT lead to

A

decreased IP

58
Q

patients with down syndrome perceive speech with (__) hemisphere

A

right

59
Q

patients with down syndrome organize/control movement with (___) hemisphere

A

left

60
Q

what kind of motor learning do patients with down syndrome have difficulty with

A

verbal motor learning

61
Q

for patients with down syndrome, _____ feedback improves motor performance

A

visual

62
Q

for patients with down syndrome, _____ feedback worsens performance

A

verbal

63
Q

for patients with down syndrome, ______ feedback enhanced learning

A

self-controlled

64
Q

knowledge of _____ improved performance and coordination in patients with down syndrome

A

knowledge of results

65
Q

patients with down syndrome benefit more from ___ learning and benefit less from ___ learning

A
  • implicit good

- explicit bad

66
Q

Blocked or random:

patients with down syndrome have better learning among retention tasks with ____ learning

A

random

67
Q

_____ practice helped patients with down syndrome

A

massed

68
Q

what disease is a chronic, degenerative disease of the CNS due to deficiency of dopamine

A

parkinson’s

69
Q

what percent of people over 55 experience parkinsons

A

1% over 55

70
Q

_____ motor learning is good for patients with parkinson’s

A

implicit

71
Q

patients with parkinson’s may benefit from…

A

cueing

72
Q

for patients with parkinson’s, ____ practice may promote greater retention of learning

A

self-controlled

73
Q

for patients with parkinson’s, ____ practice improved performance

A

blocked

74
Q

______ cues may reduce bradykinesia in patients with parkinson’s

A

visual

75
Q

what is a unique thing that patients with parkinson’s benefit from

A

external rhythmical cues

76
Q

for patients with parkinson’s (regarding external rhythmical cues), what does increased walking speed and step length lead to

A

promote acquisition, automaticity, and retention

77
Q

for patients with parkinson’s, what led to decreased episodes of freezing by 80%

A

external rhythmical cues

78
Q

patients with parkinsons benefited from knowledge of___

A

results

79
Q

what is the most common motor disorder in children

A

cerebral palsy

80
Q

in the retention and transfer phase, improvements can be attributed to ____ feedback for patients with cerebral palsy

A

self-controlled feedback

81
Q

what kind of practice helped patients with cerebral palsy

A

mental practice

Motor Control (Fall 2016) CP (6 decks)

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