Motor Learning: Special Populations Flashcards by Chris Ponichtera

what is the best (one-word) example of explicit memory

facts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

explicit memory involves knowledge of…

knowledge of associations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

verbal expressions, writing down of ideas, describing details describes…

explicit learning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the best (one-word) description for implicit memory

automatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

implicit memory is ____ in nature

habitual

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

does implicit memory require conscious/executive control

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

explicit memory is ___ recalled

consciously recalled

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does explicit memory require

awareness/attention/reflection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

explicit memory is a _____ process

cognitive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does the therapist provide in explicit learning

instructions on how to perform task

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

implicit memory is ____ learning

unintentional

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in implicit memory, ____ are learned

schemas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does the therapist promote in implicit learning

instructions on how to perform task

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is Alzheimer Disease (AD)

progressive degenerative dementia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the most common cause of dementia

Alzheimer Disease (AD)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what will be the rate of Alzheimer Disease (AD) in 2050

1 in 85

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the definitive cause of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

unknown

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alzheimer Disease (AD) is associated with…

senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in Alzheimer Disease (AD), what happens to the synthesis of NT

decrease synthesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in Alzheimer Disease (AD), what happens to beta-amyloid deposits

they are present

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in Alzheimer Disease (AD), what happens to myelin

breaks down in brain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are risk factors for Alzheimer Disease (AD)

age and genetics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in Alzheimer Disease (AD), what does the loss of neurons and synapses in cerebral cortex and subcortical regions lead to

atrophy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what part of the brain can be affected in Alzheimer Disease (AD)

hippocampus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in Alzheimer Disease (AD), do symptoms vary in severity

yes

four stages of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

1. pre-dementia 2. early AD 3. moderate AD 4. advanced AD

what is involved in the pre-demential phase of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

1. decline in executive function | 2. remember recent events

what is the early stage of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

1. confusion | 2. irritability/mood swings

what is the moderate stage of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

1. language difficulties | 2. motor tasks (fine and gross)

what is the advanced stage of Alzheimer Disease (AD)

1. LTM | 2. decline in functional abilities

are patients with dementia/AD able to re-learn skills

YUP (but more than likely have to be in pre-dementia/early/sometimes moderate

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), skills mastered without awareness by repeated exposure describes what kind of learning

implicit

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), what kind of learning can be unconsciously recalled

implicit

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), what should be present in implicit learning

modeling

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), what improved learning pace

visual feedback

patients with Alzheimer Disease (AD) are able to learn skills using what kind of learning

explicitly and implicitly

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), is constant or variable practice better

constant

people with Alzheimer Disease (AD) do not rely on ____ memory

episodic

what should not be present in people with Alzheimer Disease (AD)

dual tasks

for people with Alzheimer Disease (AD), what can be created for consistent movements

generalized motor program

for people with Alzheimer Disease (AD), constant practice leads to...

retention of skills up to one month following training

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), is massed or distributed more important

not sure yet

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), is part or whole training better

part more beneficial for tasks that can be naturally divided into sub-parts

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), what feedback is beneficial in motor learning

visual

with decreased visibility in patients with Alzheimer Disease (AD), what happened to performance

decreased

for Alzheimer Disease (AD), is KP or KR better

not sure

patients with down syndrome have a smaller ______

cerebellum

patients with down syndrome have a ____ dysfunction

hippocampus

patients with down syndrome are seemingly "_____"

clumsy

patients with down syndrome muscle tone

hypotonic

what do patients with down syndrome do to perform movements (novel tasks)

co-contraction patterns

patients with down syndrome have difficulty modulation actions under...

changing conditions

patients with down syndrome have ___ synchronization

time

patients with down syndrome have increased/decreased? exploration of movement

decreased

patients with down syndrome have diminished...

memory

do patients with down syndrome have increased or decreased reaction time

increased

for patients with down syndrome, what does increased RT lead to

decreased IP

patients with down syndrome perceive speech with (__) hemisphere

right

patients with down syndrome organize/control movement with (___) hemisphere

left

what kind of motor learning do patients with down syndrome have difficulty with

verbal motor learning

for patients with down syndrome, _____ feedback improves motor performance

visual

for patients with down syndrome, _____ feedback worsens performance

verbal

for patients with down syndrome, ______ feedback enhanced learning

self-controlled

knowledge of _____ improved performance and coordination in patients with down syndrome

knowledge of results

patients with down syndrome benefit more from ___ learning and benefit less from ___ learning

- implicit good | - explicit bad

Blocked or random: patients with down syndrome have better learning among retention tasks with ____ learning

random

_____ practice helped patients with down syndrome

massed

what disease is a chronic, degenerative disease of the CNS due to deficiency of dopamine

parkinson's

what percent of people over 55 experience parkinsons

1% over 55

_____ motor learning is good for patients with parkinson's

implicit

patients with parkinson's may benefit from...

cueing

for patients with parkinson's, ____ practice may promote greater retention of learning

self-controlled

for patients with parkinson's, ____ practice improved performance

blocked

______ cues may reduce bradykinesia in patients with parkinson's

visual

what is a unique thing that patients with parkinson's benefit from

external rhythmical cues

for patients with parkinson's (regarding external rhythmical cues), what does increased walking speed and step length lead to

promote acquisition, automaticity, and retention

for patients with parkinson's, what led to decreased episodes of freezing by 80%

external rhythmical cues

patients with parkinsons benefited from knowledge of___

results

what is the most common motor disorder in children

cerebral palsy

in the retention and transfer phase, improvements can be attributed to ____ feedback for patients with cerebral palsy

self-controlled feedback

what kind of practice helped patients with cerebral palsy

mental practice