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Motor Control (Fall 2016) CP > Attention and Memory > Flashcards

Attention and Memory Flashcards

1
Q

is there a limit to how much you can process at one time

A

yes

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2
Q

what happens when some stimuli exceed limits of attention

A

switch between competing sources

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3
Q

what happens to attention when some stimuli require prolonged periods of processing

A

diminished attention

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4
Q

what are the three dimensions of attention

A

focusing, shifting, sustainability

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5
Q

what are the two main categories of attention

A

selective and divided

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6
Q

what is difficult with selective attention

A

attending to more than one thing at a time

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7
Q

trying to attend to one stimuli/task over another requires…

A

selective attention

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8
Q

two types of selective attention

A
  1. visual selective attention

2. auditory selective attention

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9
Q

what type of selective attention involves Stroop task

A

visual

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10
Q

what type of selective attention involves with dichotic listening

A

auditory

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11
Q

in selective attention, what are theoretical interpretations

A

Bottleneck theories

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12
Q

theories on attention differ based on…

A

…when in the IP stage attention begins to decline

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13
Q

what is an example of single channel filter theories

A

bottleneck

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14
Q

what are single-channel filter theories

A

theoretical interpretation of selective attention

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15
Q

True/false:

there is not a fixed capacity for IP for single-channel filter theories

A

false… there is a fixed capacity for IP

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16
Q

what are two bottleneck theories (single-channel filter theories)

A
  1. Early Filter Theories (Broadbent)

2. Late FIlter Theories (Treisman)

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17
Q

examples of Early Filter Theories (Bottleneck)

A

Stroop, Dichotic Listening

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18
Q

example of Late Filter Theory

A

Cocktail Party

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19
Q

in general terms, what is the basis behind the bottleneck theory

A

many stimuli in, only one response can come out

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20
Q

what is the early single channel filter theory

A

Physical characteristics used to select one message for further processing

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21
Q

what happens to the other messages that could have been selected for further processing in the early single channel filter theory

A

lost

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22
Q

what does the stroop effect do

A

demonstrates selective attention relative to visual input

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23
Q

what are two conditions of stroop effect

A
  1. neutral word –> name color of print

2. color word –> name color of print

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24
Q

what types of processing are used in the stroop effect

A

automatic and controlled

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25
Q

where is some of the info processed in the stroop effect

A

in parallel in stimulus identification stage of IP

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26
Q

what is the mechanism of dichotic listening

A

two messages simultaneously

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27
Q

what is the listener asked to do in dichotic listening

A

“shadow” a message (only pay attention to one sound)

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28
Q

in dichotic listening, what happened with the attended ear

A

heard everything clearly

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29
Q

in dichotic listening, what happened with the non-attended ear

A

could tell if the voice was male or female, and if the noise was loud or soft

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30
Q

what are late single channel filter theories

A

physical characteristics are used to select one message for processing and other messages are giving partial processing

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31
Q

what is another word for partial processing

A

attenuation

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32
Q

what is the cocktail party phenomenon (late single channel filter theories)

A

some unattended stimuli processed in parallel with attended stimuli during early stimulus identification

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33
Q

for the cocktail party, when and how to stimuli “pass through”

A

process in parallel

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34
Q

what youtube video is the walking bear a part of

A

inattention blindness

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35
Q

what is inattention blindess

A

failure to see certain visual stimuli when engaged in specific search task

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36
Q

when else may inattention blindness be demonstrated

A

action events

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37
Q

what is divided attention

A

difficulty attending to more than one thing at a time

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38
Q

True/False:

Divided attention is trying to attend to multiple stimuli at once and make multiple responses

A

tru

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39
Q

what are the two theoretical interpretations of divided attention

A

capacity theories and dual task

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40
Q

what is a theoretical interpretation of divided attention

A

central resource capacity theory

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41
Q

what is the central resource capacity theory (of divided attention)

A

central reserve of resources for which all activities complete

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42
Q

in central resource capacity theory, is allocation attention fixed?

A

no, it is not fixed

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43
Q

three components of allocation attention

A

task, individual, environment

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44
Q

in the central resource capacity theory, can attention be placed on more than one stimulus at a time

A

yes

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45
Q

what is the definition of attention

A

tasks compete for resources

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46
Q

what types of theories think of attention as “multiple pools” of resources

A

multiple resource theories

47
Q

True/False:

Two tasks competing for common resources perform less well don’t perform as well as two tasks competing for different resources

A

TRUUUUU

48
Q

what happens when attention can be placed on both input and output stages simultaneously

A

skill

49
Q

what is an example of a dual task activity

A

texting and driving

50
Q

is texting structural or capacity interference (3)

A

both

51
Q

what does success in performing two or more tasks at the same time depend on

A
  1. has to be meaningful
  2. demands of the task cannot exceed the common
  3. two skills require different resources
52
Q

does the bottleneck occur in stimulus identification

A

probz not

53
Q

does the bottleneck occur in response selection

A

probz yes

54
Q

does the bottleneck occur in response programming

A

YEAH

55
Q

what is a theory for limitations in response programming

A

Double Stimulation Paradigm

56
Q

what is the double response paradigm

A

separate responses to two stimuli presented closely together

57
Q

for the double stimulation paradigm, where is there interference in programming

A

1st and 2nd responses

58
Q

what is present in the double stimulation paradigm

A

Psychological Refractory Period (PRP)

59
Q

what is a component of the Psychological Refractory Period

A

“Faking”

60
Q

what are the two types of Focus of Attention

A

Internal and External Attentional Focus

61
Q

two types of performers in focus of attention

A

expert and novice

62
Q

when is external focus used

A

skills that are well learned

63
Q

when is internal focus used

A

when “getting the idea”

64
Q

what does the shift toward internal performance processes lead to

A

regression of previous level of control

65
Q

does all movement require attention

A

no

66
Q

since attention is not required for all movements, where is attention diverted

A

response programming stage of future movements

67
Q

what may attention do to motor movements and control

A

fine tune

68
Q

what is a consequence of IP

A

memory

69
Q

what is the reason that previously processed IP can affect current IP

A

memory

70
Q

three stages of memory storage

A
  1. short term sensory store (STSS)
  2. short term memory (STM)
  3. long term memory (LTM)
71
Q

what type of memory is “working memory”

A

short term memory

72
Q

what are the two types of influences of memory

A
  1. direct

2. indirect

73
Q

what is direct influence of memory

A

deliberate attempt to search/retrieve past experience

74
Q

what is indirect influence of memory

A
  • not a conscious recollection of memory

- motor skills

75
Q

three-step process of memory storage

A

encoding –> storage –> retrieval

76
Q

what happens if any of the three steps of memory storage fails

A

memory fails

77
Q

what is encoding in the memory storage

A

information is converted for storage

78
Q

what is storage in the memory storage

A

information is retained in memory

79
Q

what is retrieval in the memory storage

A

information is recovered from memory when needed

80
Q

what type of memory is “sensory register” (pattern matching) involved in

A

short term sensory store

81
Q

can short term sensory store hold massive amounts of information briefly?

A

yes

82
Q

what happens after short term sensory store hold massive amounts of information briefly

A

information fades (decays)

83
Q

what does short term sensory store store

A

literal information for less than 1 second

84
Q

is capacity limited in short term sensory store

A

no, capacity is limitless

85
Q

what happens to the most useful stimuli in short term sensory store

A

goes to short term memory

86
Q

what problems may occur in the short term sensory store (2)

A
  1. not enough info moves forward

2. too much info moves forward

87
Q

what type of memory is working memory

A

short term memory

88
Q

what is short term memory

A

storage system for info from STSS or LTM

89
Q

what can be done with STM

A

active thinking and problem solving

90
Q

what happens to info if not rehearsed in STM

A

info lost rapidly (30-60 seconds)

91
Q

is capacity limited in STM

A

yes

92
Q

what is capacity limited to in STM

A

7ish items

93
Q

what word is associated with STM

A

chunking

94
Q

what type of coding is present in STM

A

abstract coding

95
Q

what are the critical phases to effective working memory in STM (3)

A
  1. getting info correctly
  2. handling info appropriately
  3. moving info correctly from STM to LTM
96
Q

in STM, what happens to info from STSS

A

stored for processing

97
Q

in STM, what happens to info going to LTM

A

retrieved for processing and joined with STSS info to create action plan

98
Q

what stage of IP is STM related to

A

response selection

99
Q

what happens to practiced items in LTM

A

they are protected and more permanently placed in LTM

100
Q

does LTM have capacity and duration

A

limitless capacity and duration of LTM

101
Q

two types of memory in LTM

A
  1. explicit

2. implicit

102
Q

another word for explicit memory

A

declarative

103
Q

another word for implicit memory

A

procedural

104
Q

two subgroups in explicit memory

A

episodic and semantic

105
Q

what is explicit/declarative memory

A

conscious recall of facts/knowledge of associations (people, place, things)

106
Q

in the simplest, terms, what is explicit memory

A

knowing ABOUT (episodic and semantic)

107
Q

what is implicit/procedural memory

A

automatic, habitual due to high repetition of prior experience

108
Q

does implicit memory require conscious strategy to retrieve info

A

no

109
Q

in simplest terms, what is implicit memory

A

know HOW to

110
Q

what is effective use of LTM (2)

A
  1. transfer info accurately into LTM

2. accurately retrieve information

111
Q

what is another word for transferring info accurately into LTM

A

encoding

112
Q

two ways to accurately retrieve information

A
  1. advanced organizer

2. orienting question

113
Q

what are the main constructs in preparation for motor learning

A

information processing, attention, memory

114
Q

for an individual to learn or re-learn any given task, what needs to exist

A

plasticity

Motor Control (Fall 2016) CP (6 decks)

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