Attention and Memory Flashcards
is there a limit to how much you can process at one time
yes
what happens when some stimuli exceed limits of attention
switch between competing sources
what happens to attention when some stimuli require prolonged periods of processing
diminished attention
what are the three dimensions of attention
focusing, shifting, sustainability
what are the two main categories of attention
selective and divided
what is difficult with selective attention
attending to more than one thing at a time
trying to attend to one stimuli/task over another requires…
selective attention
two types of selective attention
- visual selective attention
2. auditory selective attention
what type of selective attention involves Stroop task
visual
what type of selective attention involves with dichotic listening
auditory
in selective attention, what are theoretical interpretations
Bottleneck theories
theories on attention differ based on…
…when in the IP stage attention begins to decline
what is an example of single channel filter theories
bottleneck
what are single-channel filter theories
theoretical interpretation of selective attention
True/false:
there is not a fixed capacity for IP for single-channel filter theories
false… there is a fixed capacity for IP
what are two bottleneck theories (single-channel filter theories)
- Early Filter Theories (Broadbent)
2. Late FIlter Theories (Treisman)
examples of Early Filter Theories (Bottleneck)
Stroop, Dichotic Listening
example of Late Filter Theory
Cocktail Party
in general terms, what is the basis behind the bottleneck theory
many stimuli in, only one response can come out
what is the early single channel filter theory
Physical characteristics used to select one message for further processing
what happens to the other messages that could have been selected for further processing in the early single channel filter theory
lost
what does the stroop effect do
demonstrates selective attention relative to visual input
what are two conditions of stroop effect
- neutral word –> name color of print
2. color word –> name color of print
what types of processing are used in the stroop effect
automatic and controlled
where is some of the info processed in the stroop effect
in parallel in stimulus identification stage of IP
what is the mechanism of dichotic listening
two messages simultaneously
what is the listener asked to do in dichotic listening
“shadow” a message (only pay attention to one sound)
in dichotic listening, what happened with the attended ear
heard everything clearly
in dichotic listening, what happened with the non-attended ear
could tell if the voice was male or female, and if the noise was loud or soft
what are late single channel filter theories
physical characteristics are used to select one message for processing and other messages are giving partial processing
what is another word for partial processing
attenuation
what is the cocktail party phenomenon (late single channel filter theories)
some unattended stimuli processed in parallel with attended stimuli during early stimulus identification
for the cocktail party, when and how to stimuli “pass through”
process in parallel
what youtube video is the walking bear a part of
inattention blindness
what is inattention blindess
failure to see certain visual stimuli when engaged in specific search task
when else may inattention blindness be demonstrated
action events
what is divided attention
difficulty attending to more than one thing at a time
True/False:
Divided attention is trying to attend to multiple stimuli at once and make multiple responses
tru
what are the two theoretical interpretations of divided attention
capacity theories and dual task
what is a theoretical interpretation of divided attention
central resource capacity theory
what is the central resource capacity theory (of divided attention)
central reserve of resources for which all activities complete
in central resource capacity theory, is allocation attention fixed?
no, it is not fixed
three components of allocation attention
task, individual, environment
in the central resource capacity theory, can attention be placed on more than one stimulus at a time
yes
what is the definition of attention
tasks compete for resources