Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Motor Control (Fall 2016) CP > Motor Learning: Part 2. Changes Across the Lifespan: Healthy Elderly Patients > Flashcards

Motor Learning: Part 2. Changes Across the Lifespan: Healthy Elderly Patients Flashcards

1
Q

in 2014, what percent of the US population was 65 and older

A

14.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

estimated in 2020, what percent of the US population will be 65 and older

A

21.7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does the fact that there will be a greater percentage of older people in 2020 impact our health care system and our PT profession

A

people are living longer and we must treat them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

for connective tissue and cartilage , what are the musculoskeletal changes that occur (4)

A
  1. poor cartilage nutrition
  2. decrease water concentration
  3. calcification
  4. thinning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what part of the body does sarcopenia occur in

A

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is sarcopenia

A

decreased mass and strength of skeletal muscle (replaced with adipose tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when are motor neurons lost (related to sarcopenia)

A

60 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what happens to the muscle fibers in sarcopenia

A

decrease in number and diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do the muscle fibers transform into

A

fat or collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens to bone in aging (2)

A
  1. osteoporosis

2. osteoarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what sex is more likely to get osteoporosis

A

females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the functional implications of bone changes (2)

A

inactivity, spontaneous fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what level of the ICF do bone changes occur under

A

participation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

beginning with strength, what are the musculoskeletal changes in aging from a broad perspective

A
  1. decrease strength
  2. decrease capacity for rapid force generation
  3. decrease power
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

as you age, what happens to brain weight/volume

A

decrease brain weight/volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what lobe is most affected in the decline in brain weight/volume

A

frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

as you age, what does neuronal atrophy/cell death lead to

A

loss of gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

as you age, what does axonal loss and decreased myelination lead to

A

loss of white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

______ changes as you age (part of brain)

A

cerebellum changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what cells are affected specifically in cerebellum changes

A

decrease perkinje cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

as you age, do neuritic plaques increase or decrease

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

as you age, does neurotransmitter synthesis increase or decrease

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

in aging, what happens to nerve conduction velocity

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in aging, are there changes in sleep

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the functional implications as you age (4)
1. memory 2. declines in balance/postural control 3. gait 4. exectuive function
26
as you age, what happens to processing speed
diminishes
27
what is the % difference of reaction time between a 60 year old and a 20 year old
increase RT by 20% in 60 year old
28
what happens to fluid intelligence after the 20s
declines
29
as you age, what happens to working memory and chunks
- decline in working memory | - shorter chunks
30
as you age, what happens to attentional resources
depletion
31
as you age, what happens to semantic (explicit memory)
minimal decline, retrieve and learn new
32
as you age, what happens to episodic (explicit memory)
retention decreases with increases in time from event
33
as you age, what happens to heart weight (fat)
increases
34
as you age, what happens to myocardial stiffness and compliance of ventricles
- increase myocardial stiffness | - decrease in compliance
35
as you age, what happens to ventricle walls and vales
- ventricle walls thicken | - valves calcified
36
as you age, what happens to the ability to adapt to stress (HR, BP, SV)
decreased
37
as you age, what happens to exercise capacity
decreased
38
as you age, what happens to thorax
stiffer
39
as you age, what happens to kyphosis
increased
40
as you age, what happens to rib cage mobility/elasticity
diminished
41
what does the stiffer thorax, increased kyphosis, diminished rib cage mobility/elasticity lead to
decreased lung volumes
42
as you age, what happens to the efficiency of respiratory muscles
decreased
43
as you age, what happens to elastic recoil of lungs
decreased
44
as you age, what happens to oxygenated air delivered to tissues
decreased
45
as you age, what happens to cardiac output
decreased
46
as you age, what happens to O@ transportation
diminished
47
as you age, what happens to fitness
compromised
48
as you age, what happens to somatic senses
decline
49
as you age, what leads to increased risk for falls (2)
1. dizziness | 2. vertigo
50
as you age, when does visual/hearing acuity decline
between 60-80 years old
51
as you age, when does taste/smell decrease
after 60
52
as you age, what happens to erect postures
decrease
53
what does erect postures declining lead to
shifting COG
54
what does erect postures decreasing and shifting COG lead to
increase in spontaneous M/L sway
55
as you age, what happens to sensory system
decline
56
as you age, what happens to central control mechanisms
slow
57
as you age, what happens to RT/responses of postural muscles
delays
58
how long can "cognitively healthy" older adults retain newly acquired motor memory for
a minimum of 2 years after learning
59
do body systems degrade as much in the active adult
no
60
for active healthy older adults, what population is their RT similar to
younger adults
61
for active healthy older adults, what three things are closely related and important
1. intentional exercise 2. motor learning 3. cortical plasticity
62
what is critical for prevention of cognitive decline
exercise
63
what 5 things are important for healthy aging
1. exercise 2. productive pursuits 3. genes 4. diet 5. social activity
64
older adults not as adept in performing motor tasks but equally skilled in learning, retraining, and transfer of motor skills if...
allowed to pace during learning
65
what should training be like for older adults (4)
1. specific 2. function-orientated 3. precise 4. simple
66
what should be integrated in training of older adults
multiple tasks and activities
67
sequential/series of movements requiring speed suffer...
decrements in performance
68
learning is slower compared to...
younger adults
69
what needs to happen in compensation for learning being slower for older adults
increased repetitions
70
for older adults, when is reaction time quickest (without...)
without irrelevant stimuli and with planned repetitive movements
71
what are sequential tasks
elements compromising a sequence and transition between elements organized into subsequences
72
some evidence suggests that ______ people have diminished capacity to learn as they do not effectively use motor chuncks
elderly
73
older adults benefit from _____ practice
random
74
why do the older adults benefit from random practice
improve retention of FM skill
75
what was seem for older adults with distributed practice
better recall, but performance decrements
76
what was distributed practice beneficial for
prevention of injury
77
is part or whole better for older adults
not sure
78
what population benefits more from KR
younger and older adults

Motor Control (Fall 2016) CP (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions