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DPT 502 > Motor Learning > Flashcards

Motor Learning Flashcards

1
Q

what is motor learning?

A

an individual learns or modifies a task

the method used to learn new movements

changes in internal process that determines the capability to produce a motor task

increases with practice and and relatively stable levels of the person’s motor performance

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2
Q

what are the 2 forms of long term memory?

A

explicit and implicit

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3
Q

what is explicit memory (declarative)?

A

facts and events

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4
Q

what is implicit memory (nondeclarative)?

A

nonassociative learning (habituation and sensitization)

associative learning (classical and operant conditioning)

procedural learning (skills and habits)

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5
Q

does habituation cause an increase or decrease in behavior?

A

decrease

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6
Q

does sensitization cause an increase or decrease in responsiveness?

A

increased

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7
Q

what is classic conditioning?

A

a learned response from pairing two stimuli

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8
Q

what is operant conditioning?

A

trial and error learning

rewarded behavior is repeated

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9
Q

what is procedural learning?

A

learning that can become automatic with repetitions

without attention or conscious thought

becomes a habit

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10
Q

what is declarative memory?

A

ability to remember factual knowledge

consciously recalled info

awareness, attention, and reflection

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11
Q

what is Adam’s closed loop theory?

A

looks at the role of feedback and its impact on movement

movements are performed by comparing ongoing movement w/an internal reference of correctness that is developed during practice (“that just doesn’t feel right”)

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12
Q

what is Schmidt’s theory (open loop)?

A

learning in one way may not be transferrable so you should practice action in lots of dif way under many dif conditions

recall and recognition schemas

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13
Q

what is the recall schema?

A

used to select a method to complete task

the learner stores the schema and recalls it for the next time

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14
Q

what is the recognition schema?

A

how well motor behavior is performed

once a schema is established, recognition of the schema is used to produce an estimate of sensory consequences

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15
Q

what are the practice conditions?

A

massed vs. distributed

random vs. blocked (contextual interference)

constant vs. variable

whole vs. part

mental practice

transfer

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16
Q

what is massed practice in rehab?

A

repetition of skills

more practice than rest time

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17
Q

what is distributed practice?

A

amount of rest =/> amount of time practicing skill

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18
Q

what kind of practice is being described?
- retention is worse at first
- better long term retention of skills

A

random practice

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19
Q

what kind of practice is being described?
- better retention in the beginning
- worse long term retention of skills

A

blocked practice

20
Q

what is variable practice?

A

variability increases ability to adapt and generalize learning

results in better long term learning and transfer

21
Q

what is task analysis?

A

practicing parts in isolation

22
Q

t/f: mental practice can enhance physical practice

A

true

23
Q

what is mental practice?

A

ask the patient to visual the movement before trying to complete it

24
Q

t/f: physical practice is better than just mental imagery

A

true

25
Q

what is a helpful skill to use in breaks bw exercises for patient who fatigue easily?

A

mental practice

26
Q

how can you make a task more transferable?

A

make the environment similar to their home environment

27
Q

t/f: mental practice enhances long term memory

A

true

28
Q

what is intrinsic feedback?

A

internal feedback the pt is getting

somatosensory, proprioception, visual

29
Q

what is extrinsic feedback?

A

what we ask the patients to do (verbal or manual)

can be concurrent, intermittent, faded, or mirror therapy

30
Q

what is terminal feedback?

A

summarized at the end of performance

knowledge of results

knowledge of performance

31
Q

what is knowledge of results?

A

“you did the task well”

32
Q

what is knowledge of performance?

A

“you didn’t keep your arms straight”

“you were looking at your feet while walking”

33
Q

what is intermittent feedback?

A

giving feedback spread out throughout a visit

34
Q

what is faded feedback?

A

giving more feedback in the beginning, then reeling it back

35
Q

is intermittent or faded feedback better for long term carryover?

A

faded feedback

36
Q

what are the Fitts and Posner 3 stages of learning?

A

cognitive: earlier learning that involves more conscious thinking

associative: refining skills, less variability

autonomous: don’t pay much attention to the details and can add in other components (talking on the phone while walking)

37
Q

what are the therapeutic considerations of learning?

A

the learning environment

arousal and attention motivation and meaning

instruction and guidance

feedback: types and selection

practice: types and organization

38
Q

what are some learning changes related to aging?

A

performance skills that are time related or depend on reaction times are most challenged

influence of pain and poor health

influence of co-impairments

39
Q

what is the process of learning during infancy?

A

engagement

exploration

postural adaptability

subsystem integration

cognitive development in concert with sensorimotor development

skill mastery

40
Q

what is the process of learning during childhood?

A

play is a child’s work

children do appear to learn on a continuum but bridging between stages and processing does occur: learning is very fluent

children of different ages, experience levels, and ability have different developmental tasks, skills, and strategies

role of practice

role of feedback

41
Q

what is the process of learning in early childhood?

A

exploration expanded into investigation

increased capacity to process information with more efficiency

exploratory play shifting into more constructive pursuits with interest in outcomes

practice

learning about social systems, roles, group processes, autonomy and decision making. Self-absorption gives way to increased social skills

thinking and reasoning develop

42
Q

what is the process of learning throughout mid and late childhood?

A

refinement in perceptual skills

interpersonal skills expand with focus broadened to include groups and peers

emergence of higher-level mastery in all domains

importance of recognition and acceptance

43
Q

what are some strategies for teaching children related to motor learning?

A

importance of context

motivation

encourage creative behaviors and allows for flexibility for generation of a movement response

instructions

modeling

practice!!!!

44
Q

what are some strategies for adult learners?

A

problem solving approach to learning

real life situations are main motivators

value the immediate application of learned info

individual learning style

practice

feedback

flexibility

45
Q

what are important factors to consider in adults learners?

A

readiness

influence of environmental factors

importance of intrinsic motivation

positive reinforcement

need for organized presentation of material

enhancement by repetition

meaningfulness of tasks

active participation

46
Q

what learning deficits may be present in older adults?

A

sequence motor learning deficits

learning new technologies

learning effortfull bimanual coordination patterns w/presevered/enhanced use of augmentated feedback

47
Q

what is the Singer 5 step strategy?

A

readying

imaging

focusing

executing

evaluation

DPT 502 (9 decks)

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