Motor Control Flashcards
what is motor control?
“The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement”
what are the factors involved in motor control?
CNS
Sensory information
Perceptions
Task
Environment
Movement problems
why should we study motor control?
understanding normal movement
important to assess and treat
helpful in developing treatment strategies
help guide clinical practice
what are neuromuscular impairment to motor control?
impairments that constrain functional movement
pathology of any part of the movement system
skeletal, cognitive, visual/vestibular systems, motor, sensory, perceptual
what are the 3 components of movement?
task
individual
environment
what are the components of the individual?
cognitive
sensory/perception
motor action
what are the components of the task?
mobility
postural control
UE fxn
what are the components of the environment?
regulatory factors
non-regulatory factors
what is the motor action of the individual?
deg of freedom problem: many DF to control to achieve specific goals of movement
what is the sensory/perceptual component of the individual?
integrating sensory info and using it towards a meaningful goal
what is the cognitive component of the individual?
moving with intention and planning to be able to achieve the goal of movement
use of problem solving and motivation to achieve movement goal
what is included in cognition?
attention, planning, problem solving, motivation, and emotional status
what is open movement?
movement in an unpredictable environment
what is closed movement?
movement in a predictable environment
what is a discrete task?
task with a clear beginning and end
what is a continuous task?
more variability
person doing the action decides when the task is going to end
no defined ending
a stable task is done over a ____ BOS
non-moving
a mobile task is done over a ___ BOS
moving
what is a manipulation task?
UE involvement
what is a nonmanipulation task?
not using the UE
which combo of task attributes is most challenging?
continuous open movement
what is a closed stable task?
sitting or standing on non-moveable surface
sit to stands
what is a closed mobility task?
walking on a moving surface?
what is an open stable task?
sitting or standing on a foam or rocking board
what is an open mobility task?
walking on an uneven or moving surface
what are regulatory constraints on movement control?
something that shapes the task and affects the movement the pt is doing
size, shape, temp
what are non-regulatory constraints on movement control?
impacts the movement but doesn’t change it
sound
what is the reflex theory?
combined action of reflexes are linked together
the reflex system drives movement
what is the hierarchical theory?
brain has top down control?
what is the motor programming theory?
certain patterns we have that are hardwired and stereotyped and stored at high levels of CNS and messaging is sent to both sides of body so there will be similar characteristics in R and L hands
writing w/dominant and non-dominent hand will have similar characteristics even though we don’t practice using our nondominent hand
what is the systems theory?
new approach to considering the external and internal forces
synergies
what is a deep well in the shallow/deep well systems theory?
a very stable movement pattern that is hard to change
what is a shallow well in the shallow/deep well systems theory?
more variability in movement
what is the ecological theory?
the first theory where the environment was considered in relation to movement
what is the task orient approach?
having a goal and a task is really what drives the movement pattern make treatment sessions as fxnal as possible
what was the first theory to highlight perception/action system actively exploring environment to satisfy goal?
reflex theory
what theory highlights actions, not just reactions and includes
central motor patterns?
motor programming theories
what was the first theory to highlight perception/action system actively exploring environment to satisfy goal?
systems theory
what theory includes external and internal factors, body as a mechanical system with multiple degrees of freedom, synergies?
distributed model of motor control
what is the theory that is an expanded Systems Theory, including optimal variability?
dynamic systems theory
what theory was the first theory to highlight perception/action system actively exploring environment to satisfy goal?
ecological theory
