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Pediatrics > Motor Development > Flashcards

Motor Development Flashcards

1
Q

Example of Reflex to Cortical?

A

ATNR–>volitional movements

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2
Q

Define a neonate

A

Neonate = full term infant; classified as first 28 days (1 month) after birth

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3
Q

Physiologic flexion

A

Dominates in neonates. Gradually disappears in 1st month of life for those w/o neurological impairments

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4
Q

Describe positions of extremities w/ prone lying

A

Head Position: turned to side, Upper Extremities: flexed elbows and adducted shoulders, Hip: flexed, Pelvis: anterior tilt

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5
Q

Describe positions of extremities w/ prone on elbows

A

Head: ATNR is diminishing, midline cervical extensors used, cervical flexors are developing;
Hips: Abducted and ER;
Knees slightly flexed;
Upper extremities: elongation and scapular stability

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6
Q

Name UE/core muscles that become active w/ prone on extended arm position

A

Triceps, serratus, trunk extensors; Baby now able to roll over and reach easier

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7
Q

Significance of pivot prone position:

A

Signifies scapular and pelvic stability that can alternate

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8
Q

Name three areas of stability achieved w/ quadruped position

A

Requires hip joint stability, scapular stability, and trunk stability

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9
Q

Timeframes of crawling and creeping

A 
Crawling = 3-9 months
Creeping = 6-7 months
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10
Q

Head lag

A

No head lag at birth; when physiological flexion disappears, head lag appears (after 1 month)

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11
Q

Hands to knees and feet/ feet to mouth is achieved when? and name significance of this.

A

achieved at 5 months.
Development of body scheme.
Feet to mouth: Sucking & rooting reflex integrated, allow for oral exploration/learning.

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12
Q

Example of Generalized/total to local

A

All UE in wide sweep–>control of individual joints

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13
Q

Example of Head to toe

A

Cephalocaudal: Head, upper trunk, UE develop control before lower trunk and LE

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14
Q

Example of Medial to Lateral Development

A

Ulnar grip–>radial (thumb and pointer)

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15
Q

Example of Gross to Fine

A

hold bottle–>pick up small objects

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16
Q

What are the 4 major types of milestones

A
  1. Motor: gross and fine
  2. Sensory: 5 senses
  3. Feeding: liquids and solids
  4. Communication: verbal
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17
Q

If a baby is over stimulated, what happens?

A

Baby diverts their gaze

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18
Q

What are 3 goals of motor development?

A
  1. Control of body against gravity
  2. Maintain body’s COM within BoS
  3. Intersegmental and intersegmental isolated movements
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19
Q

Difference between Intrasegmental and Intersegmental

A

Intrasegmental: elbow joint moving separate from wrist and sholder
Intersegmental: moving head without moving extremities

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20
Q

What is the neonate position?

A

Dominated by physiologic flexion

Gradually disappears in first month in full term babies w/o neurologic impairments

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21
Q

What is the prone progression during birth to 5 or 6 months

A

Prone Lying and Prone on Elbows

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22
Q

During Prone Lying, What is: Head position, UE, Hip, Pelvis?

A

Head Position: Turned to one side to breath and feed
UE: shoulder ADducted to side w/ elbow caudal to shoulders
Hip: flexion
Pelvis: anterior tilt

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23
Q

What is the head righting reaction?

A

AKA Labyrinthine righting reactions; when body is tilted in space, the head attempts to achieve horizontal mouth position

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24
Q

What is the tilting reaction?

A

the body reacts to change in position when the SURFACE moves

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25
Q

What is the equilibrium reaction?

A

react to perturbations at the body level; the surface does not move

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26
Q

What is the protective response?

A

Able to put out hand or foot when COM is pushed outside of the BOS

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27
Q

nonsegmental rolling occurs at… and continues through..

A

3 months

0-6 months

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28
Q

nonsegmental rolling

A
  • Body follows position of the head/neck position (neck righting reaction)
  • Body moves as a unit
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29
Q

segmental rolling

A
  • Rotation within the spine (intra-axial)

- Body moves in separate segments (body righting reaction)

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30
Q

segmental rolling occurs at..

A

6 months

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31
Q

prone to supine

A

5 months

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32
Q

supine to prone

A

6 months

33
Q

supported sitting spine & pelvic positions

A

spine: complete C curve
Pelvis: perpendicular to the surface on which he sits

34
Q

Sacral sitting observed in supported sitting may indicate

A

pathology

35
Q

Propped sitting occurs at..

A

5 months

36
Q

Diminished hand grasp reflex in propped sitting allows for . . . .

A

child to open hands to be placed on floor in front of them for support

37
Q

Ring sitting occurs at..

A

6 months

38
Q

Ring Sitting UE & LE position

A

UE: activated rhomboids in high guard to increase midline stability in trunk

LE: hip flexion & ER, knee flexion

39
Q

What developmental milestone has taken place with half-ring sitting?

A

dissociation of LE movement

40
Q

What additional movement does half ring sitting promote?

A

lateral weight shifting (allowed by narrowing of BOS mediolaterally)

41
Q

Long sitting occurs at..

A

8 months

42
Q

Side Sitting prepares the child for..

A

quadruped/crawling

43
Q

How is the body positioned in side sitting?

A

intra-axial rotation/dissociation, weight shifting, and elongation of trunk

44
Q

absence of automatic stepping

A

ABASIA

45
Q

When is ABASIA absent?

A

2 months

46
Q

loss of WB through LEs (not all babies experience)

A

ASTASIA

47
Q

When does ASTASIA disappear?

A

3-4 months

48
Q

pull to stand occurs at..

A

7-8 months

49
Q

Independent standing occurs at..

A

10 months

50
Q

LE features of pull to stand

A

hip flexion, ER & mod abduction; pronated feet . knee flexion

51
Q

What does achievement of independent standing indicate?

A

eccentric control for lowering has developed

52
Q

LE posture for independent standing

A 
tall kneeling (wide BOS) & half kneeling ; 
hip extension & knee flexion against gravity
53
Q

Cruising occurs at..

A

10+ months

54
Q

LE posture of cruising

A

hip flexion & knee flexion, AP posture has improved

55
Q

What is strengthened during cruising activities?

A

hip add/abd & ankle evertors/invertors

56
Q

What must occur before independent bipedal locomotion can take place?

A

Plantar grasp reflex must disappear

57
Q

Independent Bipedal Locomotion posture/gait

A

narrow BOS, good posture, neutral pron/sup feet, heel strike, push off & rec

58
Q

Walking appears when? UE position?

A

10-15 months; high–> low guard

59
Q

High guard positioning/ purpose

A

arms held up in attempt to increase stability by add scapulae

60
Q

Low guard positioning

A

elbows: still flexed hands: just above waist fingers: pointed upwards shoulders: adducted

61
Q

Independent walking LE positioning

A 
Poor vertical alignment
Plantar fat pad
abd & ER hips 
no heel strike initially 
feet in pronation
62
Q

plantar fat pad disappears at..

A

2 years

63
Q

gait parameters ages 1-3

A
  • Increased step length, stride length, velocity, single leg stance time
  • hip abd–> hip add (shoulder width)
  • genu varus (birth)–> 12 degrees valgus (3 y)
  • increased cadence (less stability)–> decreased cadence
64
Q

True run

A

both feet off ground at same time

65
Q

What age does running develop?

A

3-4 years

66
Q

Typical rise of a step

A

7-8 inches

67
Q

At 15 months, climbing one step is equivalent to an adult attempting..

A

a knee high step.

68
Q

One foot to each step by

A

3 years

69
Q

When does visually directed reaching occur?

A

3-5 months

70
Q

Start playing with feet?

A

5 months

71
Q

What occurs from birth to 2 months?

A

Visual regard

72
Q

Ulnar fingers predominate grasp at what age?

A

5 to 7 months

73
Q

Forefinger dominance occurs?

A

10 to 11 months

74
Q

When does pressure through fingers become graded?

A

12 months

75
Q

Scribbling on paper occurs?

A

15-18 months

76
Q

Begins building a tower?

A

3 cubes: 18 months

8 cubes: 30 months

77
Q

When do they begin turning pages of a book?

A

2 or 3 at a time: 21 months

Single page: 24 months

78
Q

Advanced motor skills

A

Stands tandem: 2 yrs; walk straight line: 3 yrs; walking in circle: 4 yrs; balance on one foot: 5 yrs; walk backwards: 18 months; jump from one step: 2 yrs; jump up bilat feet: 28 months; hops 3x: 3 yrs; hops 8-10x same foot: 5 yrs; gallops: 4 yrs; skips: 6 yrs; uses hand and body to catch ball: 3 yrs; hands only catch: 5 yrs; kick ball/throw ball: 2-3 yrs; fast walk: 18 months; True run with nonsupport phase: 2-3 yrs

Pediatrics (13 decks)

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