Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Preterm infant?

A

Gestational Age of 37 weeks

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2
Q

How do you calculate the adjusted age for a baby?

A

Date of Assessment-Date of Birth=CHRONOLOGICAL AGE
Then
40(full-term)-gestational age=term number
Then
CHRONOLOGICAL AGE-term number=ADJUSTED AGE
**Slide 5/6 is easier to look at

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3
Q
In the Neonate describe the following:
Posture
Scarf Sign
Popliteal Angle
Ankle DF
Slip Through
Pull to Sit
Rooting Reflex
Sucking Reflex
Grasp Reflex
ATNR Reflex
A

Posture: less physiological flexion due to lack of flexor tone
Scarf Sign: no resistance to passive movement
Popliteal Angle: 135-180 degrees
Ankle DF: 60-90 degrees
Slip Through: does not set shoulders when held under arms
Pull to Sit: complete head lag
Rooting Reflex: absent
Sucking Reflex: weak
Grasp Reflex: absent
ATNR Reflex: absent

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4
Q

What are some motor development goals?

A
  • Control body against gravity
  • Balance
  • Keeping one body part still while moving another
  • Routine based
  • Interest based
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5
Q

List the developmental progressions

A

Prone - Supine - Rolling - Sitting - Standing - Walking;

Most milestones occur within 0-36 months

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6
Q

Prone progression

A

Prone lying - prone on elbows - prone on extended arms - pivot prone - quadruped - locomotion in prone

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7
Q

Sitting Progression

A

supported–> propped/tripod–> ring–> half-ring–> long–> side

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8
Q

Standing progression

A

supported–> independent–> cruising–> independent locomotion–> stair climbing

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9
Q

Balance skills make up..

A

the normal postural reflex mechanisms

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10
Q

Righting

A

body tilted in any direction & head moves to upright position where mouth horizontal & face vertical

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11
Q

Tilting

A

surface child is seated/standing moves–> COM shifts

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12
Q

Equilibrium

A

on stationary surface and force of perturbation directed on child’s body–> COM shift to BOS

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13
Q

Protective

A

regaining balance when COM pushed beyond borders of BOS

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14
Q

grasp reflex integrated at..

A

4 months

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15
Q

grasp progression

A

ulnar-palmar–> palmar–> radial palmar–> inferior pincer–> neat pincer

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16
Q

release progression

A

bang objects on table–> bang objects together–> drop objects–> transfers objects–> active release with finger extension

17
Q

active release with finger extension by..

A

11 months

18
Q

Simplified gross motor milestones

A

Rolling- 3 months
Sitting- 6 months
Crawling- 9 months
Walking- 12 months

19
Q

Simplified fine motor milestones

A

Grasp object- 3 months
Transfers- 6 months
Purposeful release- 9 months
Pincer grasp- 12 months

20
Q

What occurs between 2-7 years old?

A

Skills become more specific to the child’s choice of play and work; more intentional development by child; what the child wants to learn

21
Q

What is crucial in pediatric PT?

A

family involvement

22
Q

Understanding the child and family’s culture is important because…

A

helps identifies priorities and what their routines may be

23
Q

Typical human development follow a ____ and _____.

A

particular sequence; timing

24
Q

What are the 3 Developmental theories? Which one is the most accepted?

A
  1. Maturation
  2. Behavioral
  3. Dynamic Systems - MOST ACCPETED
25
Q

What is the maturation theory?

A

A normal developmental sequence common in all child development.

  • Certain milestones have to be reached before others
  • Basically a child has to mature and go thru a certain set of stages as they grow
26
Q

What is the behavioral theory?

A

We can condition behavior through a stimulus response

- Linear = a baby won’t do something unless there is a reward

27
Q

What is the dynamic systems theory?

A

Many factors influence development:
genetics, nutrition, exposure to toxins, race, ethnicity, prenatal care, childrearing practices, socioeconomic level, disease, trauma, opportunity, level of stimulation, motivation.
- think about example of impoverished family vs. well-to-do family.

28
Q

What 2 things does a child need to develope?

A
  1. Myelination

2. Stimulation

29
Q

What occurs first: total response or local response?

A

Total

- flailing before fine motor movement

30
Q

What occurs first: proximal movement or distal movement?

A

Proximal

- hips move before knees

31
Q

What occurs first: medial movement or lateral movement?

A

Medial

- ulnar grip before radial grip

32
Q

What occurs first: head movement or hip movement?

A

Head

33
Q

What occurs first: cervical movement or rostral movement?

A

Cervical

- development happens from mouth oputward

34
Q

What occurs first: gross movement or fine movement?

A

Gross

- moving whole arm before moving one finger at a time

35
Q

What occurs first: flexor movement or extensor movement?

A

Flexor

  • To-term newborns = extreme flexion
  • pre-term newborns = more extension
36
Q

What occurs first: flexor anti-gravity or extensor anti-gravity?

A

Extensor anti-gravity

- lift head up in prone before supine

37
Q

What occurs first: weight-bearing on flexed arms or extended arms?

A

Flexed arms