Child Development Flashcards
What is the definition of Preterm infant?
Gestational Age of 37 weeks
How do you calculate the adjusted age for a baby?
Date of Assessment-Date of Birth=CHRONOLOGICAL AGE
Then
40(full-term)-gestational age=term number
Then
CHRONOLOGICAL AGE-term number=ADJUSTED AGE
**Slide 5/6 is easier to look at
In the Neonate describe the following: Posture Scarf Sign Popliteal Angle Ankle DF Slip Through Pull to Sit Rooting Reflex Sucking Reflex Grasp Reflex ATNR Reflex
Posture: less physiological flexion due to lack of flexor tone
Scarf Sign: no resistance to passive movement
Popliteal Angle: 135-180 degrees
Ankle DF: 60-90 degrees
Slip Through: does not set shoulders when held under arms
Pull to Sit: complete head lag
Rooting Reflex: absent
Sucking Reflex: weak
Grasp Reflex: absent
ATNR Reflex: absent
What are some motor development goals?
- Control body against gravity
- Balance
- Keeping one body part still while moving another
- Routine based
- Interest based
List the developmental progressions
Prone - Supine - Rolling - Sitting - Standing - Walking;
Most milestones occur within 0-36 months
Prone progression
Prone lying - prone on elbows - prone on extended arms - pivot prone - quadruped - locomotion in prone
Sitting Progression
supported–> propped/tripod–> ring–> half-ring–> long–> side
Standing progression
supported–> independent–> cruising–> independent locomotion–> stair climbing
Balance skills make up..
the normal postural reflex mechanisms
Righting
body tilted in any direction & head moves to upright position where mouth horizontal & face vertical
Tilting
surface child is seated/standing moves–> COM shifts
Equilibrium
on stationary surface and force of perturbation directed on child’s body–> COM shift to BOS
Protective
regaining balance when COM pushed beyond borders of BOS
grasp reflex integrated at..
4 months
grasp progression
ulnar-palmar–> palmar–> radial palmar–> inferior pincer–> neat pincer
release progression
bang objects on table–> bang objects together–> drop objects–> transfers objects–> active release with finger extension
active release with finger extension by..
11 months
Simplified gross motor milestones
Rolling- 3 months
Sitting- 6 months
Crawling- 9 months
Walking- 12 months
Simplified fine motor milestones
Grasp object- 3 months
Transfers- 6 months
Purposeful release- 9 months
Pincer grasp- 12 months
What occurs between 2-7 years old?
Skills become more specific to the child’s choice of play and work; more intentional development by child; what the child wants to learn
What is crucial in pediatric PT?
family involvement
Understanding the child and family’s culture is important because…
helps identifies priorities and what their routines may be
Typical human development follow a ____ and _____.
particular sequence; timing
What are the 3 Developmental theories? Which one is the most accepted?
- Maturation
- Behavioral
- Dynamic Systems - MOST ACCPETED
What is the maturation theory?
A normal developmental sequence common in all child development.
- Certain milestones have to be reached before others
- Basically a child has to mature and go thru a certain set of stages as they grow
What is the behavioral theory?
We can condition behavior through a stimulus response
- Linear = a baby won’t do something unless there is a reward
What is the dynamic systems theory?
Many factors influence development:
genetics, nutrition, exposure to toxins, race, ethnicity, prenatal care, childrearing practices, socioeconomic level, disease, trauma, opportunity, level of stimulation, motivation.
- think about example of impoverished family vs. well-to-do family.
What 2 things does a child need to develope?
- Myelination
2. Stimulation
What occurs first: total response or local response?
Total
- flailing before fine motor movement
What occurs first: proximal movement or distal movement?
Proximal
- hips move before knees
What occurs first: medial movement or lateral movement?
Medial
- ulnar grip before radial grip
What occurs first: head movement or hip movement?
Head
What occurs first: cervical movement or rostral movement?
Cervical
- development happens from mouth oputward
What occurs first: gross movement or fine movement?
Gross
- moving whole arm before moving one finger at a time
What occurs first: flexor movement or extensor movement?
Flexor
- To-term newborns = extreme flexion
- pre-term newborns = more extension
What occurs first: flexor anti-gravity or extensor anti-gravity?
Extensor anti-gravity
- lift head up in prone before supine
What occurs first: weight-bearing on flexed arms or extended arms?
Flexed arms
