Down Syndrome Flashcards
Historically, there was a large movement to house “incurables” where?
large, overcrowded facilities in isolated areas
What is the AAMD? When did it form?
American Association of Mental Deficiency formed in 1876
What does NARC stand for?
National Association for Retarded Citizens
In the 1960s what happened with program legislation regarding people with disabilities?
There was a time of expansion and funds were allocated for all people with disabilities
The most current approach to programming in the field of mental retardation is what?
functional, integrated model
The definition of Mental Retardation. When is the onset?
- Disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills
- Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning
- Onset occurs before age 18
Mental Retardation: pts have significant limitations in adaptive functioning in at least two of the following applicable adaptive skill areas:
Communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, health and safety, functional academic skills, leisure, and work
The cause of the majority of mental retardation cases is?
Unknown
Is mental retardation more prevalent in men or women?
4x more prevalent in men
What % of mental reardation cases are mild? moderate? severe/profound?
- Mild = 75%
- Moderate = 20%
- Severe/Profound = 5%
what is one of the most prevalent form of mental retardation?
Down Syndrome
Assessment of intellectual function: Scales?
- Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV or Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
Mental retardation is classified by what IQ level?
IQ of 70/75 and below
What are the key elements of classification?
capabilities, environment, & function
4 intensities of support
- intermittent
- limited
- extensive
- pervasive
Support services may come to the child with mental retardation from four sources?
- the individual child
- other people
- technology
- habilitation services
What is twice challenged mean?
The child may be handicapped in one area, but gifted in another
Educational Classification?
- Academic support or gifted support
- Learning/life skills support
- Life skills support
- Emotional support
- Sensory and communication support
- Visually impaired support
- Speech and language support
- Physical and multiple disabilities support
IQ levels
Mild: IQ level 50–55 to 70–75
Moderate: IQ level 35–40 to 50–55
Severe: IQ level 20–25 to 35–40
Profound: IQ level below 20 or 25
T/F - The cause of mental retardation is prenatal only.
False - there are prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal causes
Are movement disorders associated with some etologies?
Yes
There has to be an assessment of skill done to look for impairments in adaptive functioning, why?
Because these skills are considered to be central to successful life functioning
When performing an assessment what response shows a generalized limitation in adaptive skill level?
Deficits in two or more areas of adaptive functioning must be present
Adaptive functioning areas?
- communication
- self-care
- home living
- social skills
- community use
- self-direction
- health and safety
- functional academics
- leisure
Neuromotor Impairments
-Result of primary pathology in the central nervous system (CNS) Secondary impairments: -motor control -coordination -postural control -force production -flexibility -balance
Learning Impairment
- Impaired ability to use advanced cognitive processes
- Difficulty with managing simultaneous or multiple demands
- Difficulty in successfully organizing complex information
- Adapt examination and intervention approaches to accommodate the co-impairment of deficient intellectual functioning
Key Elements of PT Examination
- Emphasize Abilities rather than inabilities
- Analyze not only what child can do, but the process underlying observed skill and behavior
- Assess sensory processes and attention
Sensory Exam and Intervention
- Determine basic responsiveness of child before deciding on appropriate interaction strategy
- Visual stimulation activities can provide practice in focusing and tracking
- Improving postural mechanisms may improve visual skill
- Vestibular input may improve visual focusing and processing
- Response to auditory stimuli may range
What is the best form of touch for child with Downs?
heavy touch and pressure or weight bearing are excellent
- Use FLAT open hand
- Light touch that tickle or irritate should be AVOIDED.
What activities can be chose to improve balance
- simulate experience of movement;
- activate muscle contraction (specifically, antigravity extensors);
- promote awareness and eye contact; and
- increase spatial awareness and perception.
- swings, barrels, scooter boards
Examples of self-stimulation and why does this happen?
- constant mouthing of objects, spinning, head banging, hand or arm flapping, teeth grinding, rocking, self-biting
- Child may be overstimulated and reacting out of frustration
- Inability to cope with sensory overload
2 Goals for PT intervention
- Choose activities that accommodate mental age but also age-appropriate
- Activities should be interesting, fun, and meaningful
