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Pediatrics > Down Syndrome > Flashcards

Down Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

Historically, there was a large movement to house “incurables” where?

A

large, overcrowded facilities in isolated areas

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2
Q

What is the AAMD? When did it form?

A

American Association of Mental Deficiency formed in 1876

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3
Q

What does NARC stand for?

A

National Association for Retarded Citizens

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4
Q

In the 1960s what happened with program legislation regarding people with disabilities?

A

There was a time of expansion and funds were allocated for all people with disabilities

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5
Q

The most current approach to programming in the field of mental retardation is what?

A

functional, integrated model

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6
Q

The definition of Mental Retardation. When is the onset?

A
  • Disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills
  • Significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning
  • Onset occurs before age 18
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7
Q

Mental Retardation: pts have significant limitations in adaptive functioning in at least two of the following applicable adaptive skill areas:

A

Communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, health and safety, functional academic skills, leisure, and work

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8
Q

The cause of the majority of mental retardation cases is?

A

Unknown

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9
Q

Is mental retardation more prevalent in men or women?

A

4x more prevalent in men

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10
Q

What % of mental reardation cases are mild? moderate? severe/profound?

A
  • Mild = 75%
  • Moderate = 20%
  • Severe/Profound = 5%
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11
Q

what is one of the most prevalent form of mental retardation?

A

Down Syndrome

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12
Q

Assessment of intellectual function: Scales?

A
  • Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
  • Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV or Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
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13
Q

Mental retardation is classified by what IQ level?

A

IQ of 70/75 and below

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14
Q

What are the key elements of classification?

A

capabilities, environment, & function

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15
Q

4 intensities of support

A
  • intermittent
  • limited
  • extensive
  • pervasive
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16
Q

Support services may come to the child with mental retardation from four sources?

A
  • the individual child
  • other people
  • technology
  • habilitation services
17
Q

What is twice challenged mean?

A

The child may be handicapped in one area, but gifted in another

18
Q

Educational Classification?

A
  • Academic support or gifted support
  • Learning/life skills support
  • Life skills support
  • Emotional support
  • Sensory and communication support
  • Visually impaired support
  • Speech and language support
  • Physical and multiple disabilities support
19
Q

IQ levels

A

Mild: IQ level 50–55 to 70–75
Moderate: IQ level 35–40 to 50–55
Severe: IQ level 20–25 to 35–40
Profound: IQ level below 20 or 25

20
Q

T/F - The cause of mental retardation is prenatal only.

A

False - there are prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal causes

21
Q

Are movement disorders associated with some etologies?

A

Yes

22
Q

There has to be an assessment of skill done to look for impairments in adaptive functioning, why?

A

Because these skills are considered to be central to successful life functioning

23
Q

When performing an assessment what response shows a generalized limitation in adaptive skill level?

A

Deficits in two or more areas of adaptive functioning must be present

24
Q

Adaptive functioning areas?

A
  • communication
  • self-care
  • home living
  • social skills
  • community use
  • self-direction
  • health and safety
  • functional academics
  • leisure
25
Q

Neuromotor Impairments

A 
-Result of primary pathology in the central nervous system (CNS)
Secondary impairments:
-motor control
-coordination
-postural control
-force production
-flexibility
-balance
26
Q

Learning Impairment

A
  • Impaired ability to use advanced cognitive processes
  • Difficulty with managing simultaneous or multiple demands
  • Difficulty in successfully organizing complex information
  • Adapt examination and intervention approaches to accommodate the co-impairment of deficient intellectual functioning
27
Q

Key Elements of PT Examination

A
  • Emphasize Abilities rather than inabilities
  • Analyze not only what child can do, but the process underlying observed skill and behavior
  • Assess sensory processes and attention
28
Q

Sensory Exam and Intervention

A
  • Determine basic responsiveness of child before deciding on appropriate interaction strategy
  • Visual stimulation activities can provide practice in focusing and tracking
  • Improving postural mechanisms may improve visual skill
  • Vestibular input may improve visual focusing and processing
  • Response to auditory stimuli may range
29
Q

What is the best form of touch for child with Downs?

A

heavy touch and pressure or weight bearing are excellent

  • Use FLAT open hand
  • Light touch that tickle or irritate should be AVOIDED.
30
Q

What activities can be chose to improve balance

A
  • simulate experience of movement;
  • activate muscle contraction (specifically, antigravity extensors);
  • promote awareness and eye contact; and
  • increase spatial awareness and perception.
  • swings, barrels, scooter boards
31
Q

Examples of self-stimulation and why does this happen?

A
  • constant mouthing of objects, spinning, head banging, hand or arm flapping, teeth grinding, rocking, self-biting
  • Child may be overstimulated and reacting out of frustration
  • Inability to cope with sensory overload
32
Q

2 Goals for PT intervention

A
  1. Choose activities that accommodate mental age but also age-appropriate
  2. Activities should be interesting, fun, and meaningful

Pediatrics (13 decks)

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