Motor control Flashcards

1
Q

final common pathway

A

skeletal muscles can only be reached through the spinal or brainstem motloneuron

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2
Q

somatotopy

A

topography in the somatosensory and motor system

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3
Q

intrafusal fiber

A

modified muscle fiber in the muscle spindle

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4
Q

extrafusal fiber

A

muscle fiber outside the muscle spindle

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5
Q

annulospiral ending

A

terminal of the la fiber on the intrafusual fiber

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6
Q

miotatic reflex (stretch reflex)

A

monosynaptic reflex starting from the muscle spindle and causing contraction of the muscle on stretching

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7
Q

inverse miotatic reflex (tendon reflex)

A

bisynaptic reflex starting from the tendon organ: it protects the muscle and tendon by relaxing the muscle, when extreme tension develops

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8
Q

motor unit

A

collection of muscle fibers innervated by the same motoneuron

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9
Q

motoneuron pool

A

collection of motoneurons innervating muscle units in the same muscle

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10
Q

red muscle fibre

A

muscle fiber characterizied by good blood supply, many mitrochondria, high myoglobin content and slow fatigue

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11
Q

white muscle fiber

A

muscle fiber characterizied by few mitrochondria, low myoglobin content, quick fatigue but very fast contraction

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12
Q

renshaw neuron

A

inhibitory neuron in the spinal cord exited by collateral the alpha motoneuron and providing negative feedback to the motorneuron

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13
Q

decerebrate rigidity

A

increase of the muscle tone caused by the transection of the brain stem above the Deiter´s nucleus

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14
Q

muscle tone

A

continous, slight contraction of the skeletal muscles, important for maintaining the posture

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15
Q

purkinje neuron

A

GABAergic inhibitory neutron providing the main output of the cerebellum

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16
Q

deep cerebellar nucleus

A

most of the cerebellar Purkinje cells project through these nuclei to other parts of the brain

17
Q

Vestibulocerebellum (archicerebellum)

A

the most ancient part of the cerebellum (flocculonodular lobe), its input comes from the vestibular organ, and its main function is keep posture and balance

18
Q

Spinocerebellum (palecerebellum)

A

consists of the vermis an the intermediate part of the hemispheres, it monitors the execution of motor commands issue by the cortex

19
Q

cerebrocerebellum (neocerebellum)

A

the newest part of the cerebellum, consists of the lateral part of the hemispheres, its role is the learning, starting and stopping movements

20
Q

basal ganglia

A

collective name for the neostriatum, pallidum, substantia nigra and sub thalamic nucleus, subcortical nuclei involved in motor control

21
Q

Parkinson´s disorder

A

movement disorder caused by the insufficient production and release of dopamine in the neostriatum by dopamineric neurons in the substantia nigra pars compact; it causes tremor and decreased initiation of movements

22
Q

huntington´s chorea

A

genetic neurological disorder leading to loss of GABAergic cells in the neostriatum leading to jerky, random, uncontrollable movements