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personality and individual differences > motive perspective > Flashcards

motive perspective Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 characteristics of needs?

A
  1. more intense over time
  2. strength of need directly proportional to intensity of behavior (stronger need = more intense action)
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2
Q

intensity manifests as 3 factors. what?

A

vigor
enthusiasm
thoroughness

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3
Q

needs are ___________.

1) pertains to _________ classes of goal objects or events

2) creates movements ____ or ______ from object

A

directive

specific

towards; away

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4
Q

needs create _______ states that are experienced.

motives are influenced by underlying ____ and has a ________ experience.

A

motivational

need; subjective

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5
Q

are motives closer to need than behavior?

A

no. closer to behavior than need

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6
Q

motives are clusters of ___________ with __________ overtones (emotions), organised around ___________ experiences and goals.

A

cognition; affective; preferred

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7
Q

what are press-ing issues?

A

external events/factors that influence needs and has motivational influence

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8
Q

what is the concept surrounding press-ing issues?

A

thema (murray, 1938)
- individual’s subjective interpretation/perception/response to press (external factors or situations)

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9
Q

murray’s system of needs:

  • emphasised ____________ system of needs
  • focus on ___________ needs (primary/secondary)
  • recognises different dispositional (aka __________) needs between people
  • types of needs are/are not exhaustive
A

universal
psychological; secondary
individual
are not

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10
Q

what 3 things do murray’s system of needs emphasise?

A
  1. single behaviors can satisfy multiple needs
  2. needs can facilitate each other (fulfilling one need can help in satisfying another need)
  3. needs can conflict each other (pursuing one need can hinder or impede the satisfaction of another need)
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11
Q

what is TAT?

what are the 2 underlying assumptions?

A

thematic apperception test - assess latent needs

underlyng assumptions:
- manifest needs: reflected in behavior
- latent needs: not reflected in behavior

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12
Q

how does TAT capture underlying motives/needs?

A

tat seeks to assess latent needs.
- storytelling of ambiguous picture
- latent needs are projected onto story (apperception)
- dispositional tendencies emerge over multiple pictures
- themes of stories reflect depositional motives (latent needs)

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13
Q

what is another measure for latent needs besides TAT?

A

PSE - picture story exercise

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14
Q

TAT vs PSE (3 differences)

A

1) TAT administered by clinician, PSE not

2) TAT is in individual setting, PSE group setting

3) TAT pictures are emotionally evocative and has psychodynamic qualities, PSE pictures are everyday events

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15
Q

what are mcclelland’s big 3 motives?

A
  1. N Ach
  2. N Pow
  3. N Affil
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16
Q

mcclelland’s big 3 motives aka ___________.

what are they?

A

human motivation theory

  1. N Ach
  2. N Pow
  3. N Affil
17
Q

under N Ach,

Low Achievement Motive: Prefers very _____ tasks (for guaranteed success) but often avoids very ________ tasks (due to fear of failure).

High Achievement Motive: Seeks out _________tasks (for the challenge and opportunity to achieve).

A

easy; difficult

moderately difficult

18
Q

in men with high power needs,

ideal wife is a woman who is __________

__________ likelihood to physically abuse partners

large increase in _______ after success, greater reduction after failure

A

dependent

increased

testosterone

19
Q

in women with high power needs,

more power-related job satisfactions and __________

greater career _________ in power-related jobs

large increase in _______ after success, greater reduction after failure

A

dissatisfactions

development

estradiol

20
Q

what are the characteristics of machiavelliasnism?

A

manipulative
low levels of morality
focus on personal gain

21
Q

what are the characteristics of psychopathy?

A

manipulative

impulsive

lack of remorse

lack of empathy

22
Q

what are the characteristics of narcissism?

A

idealised image of self

low lvl of empathy

attention-seeker

self-centered

23
Q

is power motive a good or bad thing?

winter (1988) suggested:

  • dependent on whether a sense of ___________ is acquired during ____________
  • high responsibility - __________ pursuit of ______ where power is manifested in socially responsible ways
  • low responsibility - _________ ways of ________ others: aggressiveness, sexual exploitation, drug and alcohol use

power motive can be tempered with adequate _______-

A

responsibility; socialisation

conscientious; prestige

problematic; influencing

socialisation

24
Q

under N Affil,

need for affiliation is correlated to _________

high need of intimacy means:
- greater 1-1 exchanges with increased __________
- greater marriage and job _____________
- defines life partly in terms of intimacy (_______memory)

does not coexist well with high need for ________

A

intimacy

self-disclosure

satisfaction

transcendent

power

transcendent memories often involve profound emotional experiences, such as deep conversations, moments of vulnerability, or shared joy, which can have a lasting influence on their sense of self and well-being

25
Q

what combination of needs is under inhibited power motive?

people with this motive achieve _____________ position success.

conducive to starting ________.

A
  1. low need for affiliation (doesnt care about being disliked)
  2. high need for power (wants to influence)
  3. high inhibition (self-control)
  4. effective at persuation

non-technical managerial

wars

26
Q

incentive value:

  • explains why people prefer certain _______ behaviours to others
  • the degree to which a given _________ can satisfy a _______
A

motivated; behaviour; need

27
Q

TAT/PSE vs self-reports

TAT/PSE reflects _______ motives while self-reports reflects ___________ motives

TAT/PSE tied to desire for broad, primitive, affective _________ while self-reports tied to desire for specific action _______

TAT/PSE predicts frequency for motive relevant __________ while self-reports predict frequency for motive relevant ______ related to specific goals

A

implicit; self-attributed

experiences; goals

feelings; events

28
Q

implicit motives relate ____ to 5-factor model.

A

poorly

29
Q

motives are ______ desires and ______ channels expression

  • this interaction produces _________
  • N Affil is channeled into ________ (trait), leading to _________.
A

fundamental; traits

behaviour

agreeableness; social behavior

30
Q

having and needing are _________.

power and status doesnt mean need for power

wide circle of friends doesnt mean need for affiliation

accomplishments doesnt mean need for achievement

A

different

personality and individual differences (9 decks)

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