motive perspective Flashcards
what are the 2 characteristics of needs?
- more intense over time
- strength of need directly proportional to intensity of behavior (stronger need = more intense action)
intensity manifests as 3 factors. what?
vigor
enthusiasm
thoroughness
needs are ___________.
1) pertains to _________ classes of goal objects or events
2) creates movements ____ or ______ from object
directive
specific
towards; away
needs create _______ states that are experienced.
motives are influenced by underlying ____ and has a ________ experience.
motivational
need; subjective
are motives closer to need than behavior?
no. closer to behavior than need
motives are clusters of ___________ with __________ overtones (emotions), organised around ___________ experiences and goals.
cognition; affective; preferred
what are press-ing issues?
external events/factors that influence needs and has motivational influence
what is the concept surrounding press-ing issues?
thema (murray, 1938)
- individual’s subjective interpretation/perception/response to press (external factors or situations)
murray’s system of needs:
- emphasised ____________ system of needs
- focus on ___________ needs (primary/secondary)
- recognises different dispositional (aka __________) needs between people
- types of needs are/are not exhaustive
universal
psychological; secondary
individual
are not
what 3 things do murray’s system of needs emphasise?
- single behaviors can satisfy multiple needs
- needs can facilitate each other (fulfilling one need can help in satisfying another need)
- needs can conflict each other (pursuing one need can hinder or impede the satisfaction of another need)
what is TAT?
what are the 2 underlying assumptions?
thematic apperception test - assess latent needs
underlyng assumptions:
- manifest needs: reflected in behavior
- latent needs: not reflected in behavior
how does TAT capture underlying motives/needs?
tat seeks to assess latent needs.
- storytelling of ambiguous picture
- latent needs are projected onto story (apperception)
- dispositional tendencies emerge over multiple pictures
- themes of stories reflect depositional motives (latent needs)
what is another measure for latent needs besides TAT?
PSE - picture story exercise
TAT vs PSE (3 differences)
1) TAT administered by clinician, PSE not
2) TAT is in individual setting, PSE group setting
3) TAT pictures are emotionally evocative and has psychodynamic qualities, PSE pictures are everyday events
what are mcclelland’s big 3 motives?
- N Ach
- N Pow
- N Affil
mcclelland’s big 3 motives aka ___________.
what are they?
human motivation theory
- N Ach
- N Pow
- N Affil
under N Ach,
Low Achievement Motive: Prefers very _____ tasks (for guaranteed success) but often avoids very ________ tasks (due to fear of failure).
High Achievement Motive: Seeks out _________tasks (for the challenge and opportunity to achieve).
easy; difficult
moderately difficult
in men with high power needs,
ideal wife is a woman who is __________
__________ likelihood to physically abuse partners
large increase in _______ after success, greater reduction after failure
dependent
increased
testosterone
in women with high power needs,
more power-related job satisfactions and __________
greater career _________ in power-related jobs
large increase in _______ after success, greater reduction after failure
dissatisfactions
development
estradiol
what are the characteristics of machiavelliasnism?
manipulative
low levels of morality
focus on personal gain
what are the characteristics of psychopathy?
manipulative
impulsive
lack of remorse
lack of empathy
what are the characteristics of narcissism?
idealised image of self
low lvl of empathy
attention-seeker
self-centered
is power motive a good or bad thing?
winter (1988) suggested:
- dependent on whether a sense of ___________ is acquired during ____________
- high responsibility - __________ pursuit of ______ where power is manifested in socially responsible ways
- low responsibility - _________ ways of ________ others: aggressiveness, sexual exploitation, drug and alcohol use
power motive can be tempered with adequate _______-
responsibility; socialisation
conscientious; prestige
problematic; influencing
socialisation
under N Affil,
need for affiliation is correlated to _________
high need of intimacy means:
- greater 1-1 exchanges with increased __________
- greater marriage and job _____________
- defines life partly in terms of intimacy (_______memory)
does not coexist well with high need for ________
intimacy
self-disclosure
satisfaction
transcendent
power
transcendent memories often involve profound emotional experiences, such as deep conversations, moments of vulnerability, or shared joy, which can have a lasting influence on their sense of self and well-being
what combination of needs is under inhibited power motive?
people with this motive achieve _____________ position success.
conducive to starting ________.
- low need for affiliation (doesnt care about being disliked)
- high need for power (wants to influence)
- high inhibition (self-control)
- effective at persuation
non-technical managerial
wars
incentive value:
- explains why people prefer certain _______ behaviours to others
- the degree to which a given _________ can satisfy a _______
motivated; behaviour; need
TAT/PSE vs self-reports
TAT/PSE reflects _______ motives while self-reports reflects ___________ motives
TAT/PSE tied to desire for broad, primitive, affective _________ while self-reports tied to desire for specific action _______
TAT/PSE predicts frequency for motive relevant __________ while self-reports predict frequency for motive relevant ______ related to specific goals
implicit; self-attributed
experiences; goals
feelings; events
implicit motives relate ____ to 5-factor model.
poorly
motives are ______ desires and ______ channels expression
- this interaction produces _________
- N Affil is channeled into ________ (trait), leading to _________.
fundamental; traits
behaviour
agreeableness; social behavior
having and needing are _________.
power and status doesnt mean need for power
wide circle of friends doesnt mean need for affiliation
accomplishments doesnt mean need for achievement
different
