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PSYCSEM2 > Motivational Theories > Flashcards

Motivational Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Define Motives

A

Desires, needs, wants that propel our behaviour

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2
Q

What are some goals (in terms of knowledge gained) for psychologists in this field?

A

What determines goals. What produces behaviour. What causes procrastinating. What got you out of bed in the morning

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3
Q

What are the four essential components of motivation? Elaborate

A
  1. Energizing: causes you to expend energy
  2. Directive: directs you in a certain line to satisfying specific goals
  3. Persistence: until goal is satisfied
  4. Strength: must be power behind it.
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4
Q

Give an example of something that uses the 4 components of motivation

A

Hunger:

  1. need to get up and make food
  2. Directs you to satisfying internal pressure of hunger
  3. Persistence: won’t ignore until satisfied
    4: Need the endurance to make it through cooking i guess
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5
Q

Define motivational states. How does complexity factor in?

A

The force that drives us to pursue some goals/prioritize ones and avoid others (like pain). Complex goals need complex states

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6
Q

Give some examples of complex vs basic goals:

A

C: careers: (want money, fame, sex, security)
B: Food: satisfy hunger

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7
Q

Explain drive theory

A

Internal states of (physical or psyc) tension that DRIVE us toward a certain goal. Need to alleviate them. Internal/push outward

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8
Q

What is homeostasis and how does it relate to drive theory?

A

A natural balance that is disturbed by drives. Need to restore it (say, by eating)

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9
Q

In regards to drive theory, what two questions must be asked? What is an example of a motive not covered here?

A
  1. What is the motivational type?
  2. How strong is the motive?
    A: thirst for knowledge
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10
Q

Explain incentive theory. Define incentive

A

Motivation comes from external stimuli pulling you

I: external goal with capacity to modify behaviour

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11
Q

How do Drive and Incentive theories contrast?

A

Drive: push from within, homeostasis
Incentive: Pull from without, no homeostasis

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12
Q

What’s one flaw with incentive theory?

A

Some behaviours do not respond to incentives

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13
Q

What are expectancy value models in regards to incentive theory?

A

Motivation depends on two factors:
1. Expectancy of one’s chance of achieving the goal
2. the Value of that goal to us
Ex: Will I actually get good grades? + What is that worth to me?

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14
Q

Explain the evolutionary theory:

A

Motivation (can you guess?) product of evolution. behaviours that maximize reproductive fitness will be passed on (how likely are you to fuck)

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15
Q

What motives are explained by evolutionary theory?

A

Powerful ones (and common); Affiliation, sex drive, dominance, aggression, achievement

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16
Q

Explain how dominance is an evolutionary product in men today

A
  1. females may want a dominant male
  2. steal yo girl
  3. Intimidation of rivals
  4. More material resources (successful career) attracts partners/ensures healthy offspring
17
Q

What is the affiliation motivation for evolution?

A

Stronger links together. Hunting in packs, raising kids. Therefore sucks when these bonds break

18
Q

Explain the paradox of self-determination theory

A

Some behaviours will be decreased after being rewarded. When a behaviour is elicited from the inside as an INTERNAL need, rewarding it will decrease it in long run

19
Q

What are the three needs we satisfy with elicited (internal) behaviours?

A
  1. Autonomy: feelings of self control
  2. Competence: control of environment
  3. Relatedness: interpersonal growth tendency to connect with other people
20
Q

What are the two types of motivation?

A
  1. Intrinsic/internal: inside oneself, hobbies, interests, pleasure
  2. Extrinsic/external: Getting rewards, avoiding punishment
21
Q

What is the unifying factor between internal/external motivations?

A

The same behaviour at the same level of intensity can be caused by both. Like volunteering

22
Q

Define flow

A

INTRINSIC motivation that completely envelops you in an activity. Time stops

23
Q

What is the main difficulty of measuring motives?

A

People don’t know why they engage in certain behaviours/can express clearly why

24
Q

Explain the initial candle problem. What was the result?

A

Box w/tacks, candle, matches. Experimental and control groups told to fasten it to wall without dripping onto table.
E: were given money upon doing it faster then a certain time
C: told to take time and “be creative”
Control group was actually faster by quite a bit.

25
Q

What effect explains the initial candle problem?

A

Over justification effect: an unexpected external incentive lowers the intrinsic motivation to complete a task “I’m doing this because of money not self-enjoyment“

26
Q

Explain the self perception theory

A

When people are given external rewards for a task, they will spend less time enjoying it and thus focusing on the actual task itself (instead of reward)

27
Q

What was different about the SECOND candle experiment? What is the conclusion?

A

Thumbtacks were OUTSIDE box. E group was faster because less critical thinking involved (more obvious).
Conc: creative tasks are better approached through Internal motivation, and simpler ones through external

28
Q

What function are intrinsic/internal motives better at? Example? (please)

A

MAINTAINING behaviour over external. Telling someones to clean dishes when they were about to. Now they won’t want to do it as much (need for autonomy/competence damaged)

29
Q

How does intrinsic/extrinsic motives influence athletes as they grow older?

A

As kids, really good at sport because they enjoy it. As money is offered, pressure mounts and you head isn’t “in the game as much” and becomes less enjoyable

30
Q

What do external stimuli prevent people from doing?

A

Finding their internal growth tendencies / passions again

31
Q

What’s up with social motives/what is the caveat with characterizing them as such?

A

Technically bio motives, so no hard line here. Merely a convenience

32
Q

What does everyone in the field agree upon?

A

Humans display a WIDE variety of motives

PSYCSEM2 (15 decks)

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