Affiliation and Achievement Motives

Question 1

Give a brief outline of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 1

(in descending order of importance):

1. Physiological needs (food water)
2. Safety needs (shelter, psyc safety)
3. Belonging and Love (friends, sex, family)
4. Esteem needs (competence, autonomy)
5. Self actualization ( problem solving, impact on community, creativity

Question 2

What is a hitch about self-actualization?

Answer 2

Arguably doesn’t exist. Those who “reach” it are generally not satisfied because they have such a pushing drive. there will always be something else

Question 3

What are some flaws in Maslow’s hierarchy?

Answer 3

1. Assumes a linear progression, this is not always the case.
2. Individualistic cultural bias: collectivist cultures put community before individual needs

Question 4

Describe the affiliation motive, what is most important here?

Answer 4

Seek long term, meaningful bonds. The depth of the connection (endurance) is vital

Question 5

Explain Baumeister and Leary’s Belongingness hypothesis

Answer 5

We need to form a minimum quantity of enduring and positive. We will resist the erosion of said bonds, trigger jealously and grief

Question 6

Define social connectedness

Answer 6

MEANINGFUL activities such as convos, etc

Question 7

What are the evolutionary benefits of close social bonds?

Answer 7

• Hunting in packs

- raising kids

Question 8

What are some physical impacts of loneliness/erosion of bonds?

Answer 8

depression/anxiety, heightened risk of heart disease, lower immunity, more stress hormones, and some cancers

Question 9

How can ostracism effect us?

Answer 9

Triggers neural circuitry responsible for physical pain

Question 10

Define the achievement motive

Answer 10

Need to master hard challenges, overcome obstacles, and be better than others

Question 11

What does McClelland claim achievement drive is responsible for?

Answer 11

All cultural and societal growth, masterpieces

Question 12

What are approach goals? What about an avoidance goal?

Answer 12

Like external incentives. Something that someone is drawn towards (reward, etc). Avoidance is avoiding, say, getting cut from the team by training harder

Question 13

What do researchers say successful people have in common? (2 things)

Answer 13

1. Their drive to succeed is relatively stable throughout life
2. They are good at delaying gratification from early on

Question 14

What is the approach most successful people take?

Answer 14

Not taking huge tasks. Just moderate ones with some difficulty that they know they can accomplish and get feedback on

Question 15

What was the marshmallow test?

Answer 15

Kids offered two marshmallows if they could delay eating one. Test to see how early delayed gratification started

Question 16

What are two tool used to measure affiliation and achievement?

Answer 16

Self Report Questionnaires

Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT):

• subjects shown image and ordered to “tell a story”
• What they see reveals in part what they want (in terms of affiliation or success)

Question 17

What are the three considerations we must take while forming a goal?

Answer 17

1. Strength of motivation
2. probability of success
3. incentive value of success

Question 18

Who takes negative feedback worse?

Answer 18

Less achievement-oriented people (they like feedback)

Question 19

How are emotion and motivation linked?

Answer 19

Through fear (of failure) and jealousy. They act as a driving force