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Business Studies > Motivational Theories > Flashcards

Motivational Theories Flashcards

1
Q

What did Taylors scientific approach argue?

A

Workers do not naturally enjoy work and so need close supervision and control

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2
Q

What are the limitations of Taylors scientific approach theory?

A
  • not suitable for tertiary sector
  • doesn’t take psychological
  • theory is outdated
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3
Q

What did mayos theory say?

A

He pointed the fact that psychological factors are also important

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4
Q

What 4 things did Mayo say were important?

A
  • recognition is important
  • the workplace is a social system
  • communication with management impacts productivity
  • employees respond to changes in the working environment
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5
Q

What are the limitations of Mayo’s theory?

A
  • Doesn’t apply to the 21st century
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6
Q

What are the three needs in Mccellands Human Motivation Theory?

A

Achievement
Affiliation
Power

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7
Q

In Mccellands theory what is achievement?

A
  • has a strong need to set and accomplish goals

- likes to work on tasks where their results are basted on their own efforts

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8
Q

In Mcclellands theory what is affiliation?

A
  • favours collaboration over competition
  • doesn’t like high risk or uncertainty
  • wants to belong to a group
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9
Q

In Mcclellands theory what is power?

A

Wants to stay in control and influence others
Likes to win arguments
Enjoys status and recognition

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10
Q

What do managers do with Mccellands theory?

A

They set tasks to coincide with their dominant need

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11
Q

What are the limitations of Mccellands theory?

A
  • it cannot be assumed that just because an employee exhibits a particular need this means that the need can always be used to the benefit of the business
  • it assumes that employees will always be motivated by the duties that their dominant need suggests
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12
Q

What does Vrooms expectancy theory suggest?

A

That employees make a choice to behave in a certain was, instead of another type of behaviour, because they are motivated by what they expect the result of their choice to be.

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13
Q

How do you work out motivational force in Vrooms theory?

A

Expectancy x instrumentality x valence = motivational force

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14
Q

What do the 3 factors in Vrooms theory mean?

A

Expectancy - employees will make a decision based on whether they can fulfil the task.
Instrumentality - based on if you will actually receive the reward
Valence - the value placed on the reward

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15
Q

In vrooms theory what are the values placed on the instruments?

A

The values are between 0 and 1 with 0.75 being more achievable than 0.1

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16
Q

How do managers use vrooms theory?

A

Managers make sure the reward is worth having, the rewards are fulfilled and that the worker can achieve the task

17
Q

What are the limitations of Vroom?

A
  • values subject to opinion
  • employees place different values on rewards
  • financial rewards may cost too much for the business
  • doesn’t work in all industries
18
Q

What is Hertzbergs theory called?

A

The two factor theory

19
Q

What are the two factors in Hertzbergs two factor theory?

A

Hygiene and motivating

20
Q

What are hygiene factors?

A

Hygiene factors are factors such as pay and working conditions.

21
Q

What did hertzberg believe regarding hygiene factors?

A

He believed that the absence of them caused dissatisfaction but are not motivated by them

22
Q

What are motivating factors?

A

Factors such as job enrichment, recognition, praise and empowerment

23
Q

What are the limitations of Hertzbergs theory?

A
  • workers may classify different factors in different ways
  • some people may be demotivated by both factors
  • it may be a challenge to enrich and empower unskilled workers
24
Q

What are uses of Hertzberg?

A
  • easy to understand
  • can be used as a check list
  • applies to more workers
25
Q

What does maslows Hierarchy look like?

A

Physiological, safety, social, esteem, self actualisation

26
Q

What are the uses of maslows Hierarchy

A
  • provides and explicit list
  • easy to organise
  • not much effort to understand
27
Q

What are the limitations of Maslows hierarchy?

A
  • some employees may not require their higher order needs to be met in work
  • it would be a challenge for businesses to identify and meet the needs of every employee
  • needs may not be hierarchy for some employees, for example social needs my be as important as safety
28
Q

What was Drucker’s theory called?

A

“Management by objectives”

29
Q

What did Drucker believe ?

A

He believed that people are an asset and not a cost to be minimised.

30
Q

How did Drucker believe a business should be structured?

A

Decentralised and delayered

31
Q

What did Drucker believe a manager should do?

A

Create a “community” and take an interest into employees, breaking down the barriers and make it seem like management cares about workers

32
Q

What does the management by objectives diagram look like?

A

Review organisational objectives - set objectives - monitor - evaluate - reward.

33
Q

What did Drucker believe about rewards?

A

That rewards should be shared equally

34
Q

What are the limitations of Druckers theory?

A
  • relies on good leadership and effective soft skills

- some employees wont be motivated by “non-monetary” methods

35
Q

What was Lockes theory called?

A

“Goal setting theory”

36
Q

What did Lockes theory propose?

A

That employees like to have goals and enjoy working towards them

37
Q

What are the five principles in Lockes “goal setting theory”?

A

Clarity, challenge, feedback, commitment and task complexity

38
Q

What are the limitations of Lockes theory?

A
  • may be demotivating if targets aren’t met
  • managers may be drawn away from other tasks
  • employees may need additional resources to achieve the task/goal
  • they may neglect other employees
  • time consuming
39
Q

What are the criticisms of Peters theory?

A
  • he didn’t come up with anything of his own

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