leadership Theories Flashcards
What does Mcgregors Theory X and theory Y have to do with?
How a manager perceives staff
What does a theory X manager view employees as?
- lazy, disliking work and responsibility
- lacking the will and ability to work unsupervised
- lacking initiative
- largely motivated by money
What does a theory Y manager view employees as?
- enjoying their work
- willing to accept responsibility and challenges
- able to exercise self discipline
- motivated by non-financial rewards
What leadership style is a theory X manager likely to adopt?
Autocratic
How does Theory X managers self fulfil their theory?
Because managers believe that their staff are lazy so closely monitor them, this makes staff unmotivated and lazy - confirming the managers belief
What are Blake and Moutons 5 leadership types?
- Country club
- team leader
- middle of the road
- impoverished
- authoritarian
If a manager is low on both people and task needs what are they described as by Blake and Mouton?
Impoverished
If a leader is high on people needs but low on task needs what are they described as by Blake and Mouton?
Country club
What does Blake and Moutons leadership grid look like?
Have task needs along the bottom and people needs going up the side with each leadership styles in each 4 boxes
What are the advantages and disadvantages of country club style of leadership?
Advantages - Morale is high
Disadvantages - employees may take advantage and may miss deadlines
What is middle of the road leadership style?
Neither sets of needs are truly met, and less than optimal outcomes are achieved.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Blake and Moutons authoritarian leadership style?
Advantages - task gets completed
- quick decision making
Disadvantages - low staff motivation
- resentment
- high staff turnover
What is Carlyle and Galtons trait theory related to?
Concerns the five characteristics exhibited by successful leaders
What are the five characteristics described by Carlyle and Galton?
Motivational Integrity - sticks by their morals Self-confidence Creativity Intelligence
What are the advantages of Carlyle and Galtons trait theory?
- it is simple to understand and is straight forward to identify the characteristics which a leader does or does not possess
What are the disadvantages of Carlyle and Galtons trait theory?
- there is no single set of traits that have been proven to be the most important and other research suggests that these characteristics cannot be traits
What does Tannenbaum and Schmidts contingency approach look like?
Tell, sell, consult and participate along the bottom left to right while focus on use of authority is from left to right going into focus on subordinates.
What does a sell and tell manager do?
Tell - manager informs employees of their approach.
- employees are expected to comply and are not given any opportunity to be involved.
Sell - manager makes decision but attempts to “sell” the decision ad quash resistance through persuasion and reason.
What does a consult and participate manager do?
Consult - Manager presents ideas to the employees and invites discussion, and offers a more collaborative approach.
Participate - manager will ask employees to make a decision, similar to a more democratic style of leadership.
What are the 4 types of leader in Tannembaum and Schmidt’s contingency theory?
Tell
Sell
Consult
Participate
What are the three factors in Adair’s three circles model?
- team
- task
- individual
Why does Adair’s three circles model overlap?
Because all the factors are interdependent.
What are the benefits of Adair’s three circle model?
- more practical
- motivational
- easy to understand
What are the drawbacks of Adair’s three circles model?
- only takes into account 1 task
- doesn’t describe the task
- may clash with other tasks
