Motivation In Theory And Practice Flashcards
Taylor’s theory of management
Used to reduce inefficiency in workplace.
Soldiering was taking place ( working more slowly to so managers don’t realize real potential).
Taylor tried to create a partnership between manager and worker
Taylor’s approach
Taylor thought people were only motivated by money.
He thought that people should be payed depending on their output.
So, exceeding the target would receive a bonus and opposite if target wasn’t achieved.
Taylor’s experiment
-Pick a group of skilled workers
-Observe how they work and note elements adopted and sequences adopted in tasks.
-Time each element
-Eliminate any factors that could affect the completing of the task.
-Choose the most efficient method
-Teach each worker this sequence.
-Supervise workers to ensure workers have adopted this method.
Problems of Taylor’s approach
-The same method doesn’t work for all workers.
-Not everyone is motivated by money
-
Mayo’s theory of human relations
Mayo believed money wasn’t the only motivator.
They could be better motivated by having their social needs met whilst at work.
Mayo thought workers were motivated by:
● Better communication between managers and workers
● Greater manager involvement in employees working lives
● Working in groups or teams
Problems of Mayo’s theory
-It assumes workers and management share the same goals.
-It is assumed that communication between workers and management will break down ‘barriers’. (Different responsibility, wages, knowledge)
-It is biased towards management. Workers are ‘tricked into being productive by managers.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
• There are five levels of human needs which employees need to have fulfilled at work
• Only once a lower level of need has been fully met, the next can be satisfied.
• A business should therefore offer different incentives so workers can full fill their needs.
Maslow pyramid
Self actualisation
Self esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological
Herzberg (two factor theory)
Motivation factors:
Self-actualization
Self esteem
Factors that motivate people
Hygiene factors:
Social
Safety
Physiological
Factors that can de-motivate if not present but do not actually motivate
FINANCIAL METHODS TO IMPROVE STAFF
PERFORMANCE
-Payment by result (piecework)
-Commission
-Bonus
-Sharing profits to workers
NON-FINANCIAL METHODS TO IMPROVE
STAFF PERFORMANCE
-Delegation: In some situations a manager may hand a more complex task to a subordinate.
-Consultation: Staff often complain when changes are made and they are not consulted.
-Teamworking:
-Job flexibility
