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Psychology ATAR > MOTIVATION AND WELLBEING > Flashcards

MOTIVATION AND WELLBEING Flashcards

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1
Q

define motivation

A

conscious/unconscious drive leading to the behaviour that individuals initiate, direct and maintain

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2
Q

who discovered the self determination theory

A

Deci and Ryan 1985

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3
Q

what are the 3 components of Deci and Ryan’s Self Determinations Theory

A
  1. Autonomy
  2. Competence
  3. Relatedness
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4
Q

define autonomy (SDT)

A

the need to be in control of one’s actions

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5
Q

define Competence (SDT)

A

the need to be capable of mastering skill and experience achievement

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6
Q

define Relatedness (SDT)

A

the longing to form social relationships and positive relationships with others

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7
Q

what are the 4 components of motivation

A

psychological
cognitions
emotions
social

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8
Q

describe social motivation

A

human have the needs to be accepted by others, conforming to social norms and needing approval

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9
Q

describe psychological motivation

A

the need for survival motivating human behaviour

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10
Q

describe cognition motivation

A

motivations derived from cognitions of intellectual challenges, drive to satisfy curiosity and explore personal interest

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11
Q

describe meaning of emotion motivation

A

emotional motivation can stem from trying to avoid pain and from seeking happiness

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12
Q

define amotivation

A

the lack of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from the environment

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13
Q

define intrinsic motivation

A

motivation driven by an inner desire for self satisfaction arising from achieving a specific goal

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14
Q

define extrinsic motivation

A

motivation that stems from a desire from external rewards

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15
Q

define a strength of Deci and Ryan’s Self Determination Theory

A

widely applicable across cultures
intrinsic motivation is crucial - supporting the tendency of people participating in activities they find personally enjoyable

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16
Q

define a limitation of the self determination theory

A

strong emphasis on autonomy is argued to minimise the influence of external rewards on motivation

multiple components are complex and may limit ability to comprehend theory and apply it

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17
Q

who created the hierarchy of needs and in what year

A

Maslow 1954

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18
Q

define what is meant by ‘growth’ needs

A

needs that once met, act as motivation for people to continue fulfilling them

development of personality

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19
Q

what is meant by the term ‘deficiency’ needs

A

basic needs people are motivated to fulfil due to their absence

important in survival

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20
Q

what are the 8 levels of Hierarchy of needs

A
  1. Transcendence
  2. Self actualisation
  3. aesthetic
  4. cognitive
  5. esteem
  6. love and belonging
  7. safety
  8. physiological
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21
Q

what year did Maslow expand his hierarchy system and what did he add?

A

1970 expanded
cognitive, aesthetic, transcendence

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22
Q

define transcendence

A

the experience of going above and beyond limitations of physical human experience

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23
Q

define self-actualisation

A

the ultimate state of being that all individuals are striving to attain
process of individual reaching their full potential

24
Q

define aesthetic needs

A

beauty as well as appreciation of anything beautiful that fulfills one’s wellbeing

25
Q

define cognitive needs

A

the mental process of gaining knowledge and understanding understanding through the senses, personal experiences and mental activity
yearn to understand the world around them

26
Q

define esteem needs

A

how one perceives themselves (recognition and status)
desire of achievement, to feel confident when faced with challenges
respect from others - receiving recognition, attention and appreciation

27
Q

define love and belonging needs

A

receiving live from others and giving love to others
validation and support gained to move to self esteem

28
Q

define safety needs

A

involves physical safety and emotional safety
for security and protection of individuals
(financial, health, wellbeing)

29
Q

define physiological needs

A

basic requirements to survive
individuals need for food, shelter, water, basic survival needs

30
Q

define subjective wellbeing

A

the negative and positive measures and overall emotional and cognitive assessments of life personal to an individual

31
Q

state a strength associated with maslow’s hierarchy

A

good evidence supporting humanistic concept

focussed on healthy psychological development

32
Q

state a limitation associated with maslow’s hierarchy

A

small sample chosen
only subjective measures used
oversimplifying human behaviour

33
Q

Who experimented with Subjective wellbeing and in what year?

A

Diener
1984

34
Q

what are the 2 components of subjective wellbeing

A
  1. life satisfaction
  2. affective balance
35
Q

define what is meant by ‘life satisfaction’

A

the overall assessment a person makes of their life and their own life experience

(cognitive measure of wellbeing)

36
Q

define what is meant by affective balance

A

affect - the experience and outward expression of emotions
positive affect - pleasant emotions such as happiness, joy, contentment
negative affect - distressing emotions such as anger and sadness

(the emotional component of wellbeing)

37
Q

what is the balance of both positive and negative emotions experienced by individuals called?

A

Hedonic balance

38
Q

state a strength of Diener’s subjective wellbeing study

A

cultural universality
comprehensive holistic approach

39
Q

state a limitation of Diener’s subjective wellbeing study

A

doesn’t account for external factors playing a role on wellbeing
uses self report methods which are biased

40
Q

who created the 6 factor model of wellbeing and in what year did they do so?

A

Ryff 1989

41
Q

identify the 6 factors of Ryffs wellbeing model

A
  1. environmental mastery
  2. personal growth
  3. purpose in life
  4. autonomy
  5. positive relationships
  6. self acceptance
42
Q

identify the 6 factors of Ryffs wellbeing model

A
  1. environmental mastery
  2. personal growth
  3. purpose in life
  4. autonomy
  5. positive relationships
  6. self acceptance
43
Q

define what is meant by environmental mastery

A

rather than accepting things for how they are, EM involves manipulating the surroundings to suit personal needs

44
Q

state a High and Low involved in environmental mastery

A

HIGH - able to manipulate environment, manage complicated tasks

LOW - unable to manipulate environment, finds complicated tasks overwhelming

45
Q

define personal growth

A

utilising past and present experiences allowing one to continually develop as a person

46
Q

state a strong and weak involved in personal growth

A

STRONG: continuous development, self improvement, welcomes new experience

WEAK: lack personal improvement, unmotivated to better self, finds life boring

47
Q

define purpose in life

A

requiring individuals to continually re-evaluate life’s intentions and directions

48
Q

state a strength and weakness involved in purpose in life

A

STRONG: believes that past and present life is meaningful, sets goals, sense of direction

WEAK: feels life has lack of purpose, doesn’t reflect on past or present and doesn’t set goals

49
Q

define what is meant by self-acceptance

A

an individuals acknowledgment of their personal strengths, weaknesses and past decisions and behaviours

50
Q

state a high and low involved in self acceptance

A

HIGH: acceptance of good and bad characteristics, high self esteem, positive view on life

LOW: concerned by parts of character, low self esteem, disappointment in past life

51
Q

define autonomy (RYFF)

A

individuals seeking personal evaluation not from others but within self using own standards

52
Q

state a high and low involved in autonomy

A

HIGH: independent, makes own choices based on moral principals, not pressured to conform to social norms

LOW: highly concerned of societies thoughts, easily pressured to fit social norms, makes decisions based on others opinions

53
Q

define what is meant by positive relationships

A

belief in the significance of forming empathetic connections with others and genuine relationships

54
Q

state a strength and weakness associated with positive relationships

A

STRONG: understands balance of give and take, empathetic, affectionate and caring, able to form trusting relationships

WEAK: unwillingness to compromise, difficulty caring for others, difficulty forming trusting and intimate relationships

55
Q

state strengths associated with Ryffs 6 factor model of wellbeing

A

expansion of Diener’s model (greater detail)

high validity and reliability (supported

empirically via PWB) - uses observations

56
Q

state limitations associated with Ryff’s 6 factor model of wellbeing

A

additional factors that influence wellbeing aren’t included / accounted for in detail

strong emphasis on positive aspects of wellbeing and minimal consideration for negative effects

Psychology ATAR (7 decks)

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