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MOTIVATION AND EMOTION Flashcards

1
Q

motivation

A

a process that influences the direction, persistence and vigour of goal directed behaviour.
*the force that moves people to behave, think and feel the way they do

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

a state of internal physiological equilibrium that the body strives to maintain

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3
Q

Drives

A

states of internal tension that motivate an organism to behave in ways tat reduce this tension

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4
Q

Behaviour Action System (BAS

A

is rouse to action by signals of potential reward and positive need gratification

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5
Q

Behaviour Inhibition System (BIS)

A

which responds to stimuli that signal potential pain, non-reinforcement and punishment

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6
Q

Incentives

A

Represent environmental stimuli that pull an organism toward a goal

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7
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

performing an active to obtain an external reaward or avoid punishment

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8
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

performing an activity for its own sake, because you find it enjoyable or challenging

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9
Q

Maslow- Self actualisation

A

Represents the need to fulfil our potential.

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10
Q

self determination theory

A

focuses on three fundamental psychological needs - competence, autonomy and relatedness- and on how they relate to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relatedness

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11
Q

competence ( self determination theory)

A

Motivation reflects a basic human need to experience oneself as capable, to master new challenges and to perfect skills

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12
Q

Autonomy (self determination theory)

A

as satisfied when people experience their actions as a result of free choice without external interference

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13
Q

Relatedness

A

Refers to our desire to form meningful bonds with others- to care and to be care for

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14
Q

According to self-determination theory competence, autonomy and relatedness influence ?

A

extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

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15
Q

in self determination theory, the need of ——- involves self-efficacy and mastery

A

competence

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16
Q

in self determination theory the need of ——-refers to our desire to have control over own life

A

Autonomy

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17
Q

Metabolism

A

is the body’srate of energy utilisation

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18
Q

satiety

A

the state in which we no longer feel hungry

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19
Q

Glucose

A

Sugar that is the body’s main source of immediate usable fuel.

As the glucose level in the bloodstream DECREASES, you feel MORE hungry

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20
Q

Leptin

A

is the hormone secreted by fat cells, it entres the bloodstreams and reaches the brain. if it decreases- appetite increase energy expenditure.

it influences appetite by INCREASING the potency of our satiety signals

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21
Q

Set point

A

A biological determined standards around which body weight is regulated

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22
Q

Neural circuits within the hypothalamus responsable for food intake regulation have found

A

Many pathways involve the paraventricular nucleus

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23
Q

Anorexia

A

intense fear of being fat and restricting food intake

10% male

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24
Q

Bulimia

A

bing-eating and purging

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25
SEXUAL MOTIVATION | excitement phase
arousal builds rapidly
26
SEXUAL MOTIVATION | Plateau phase
arousal continues to build until there is enough muscle tension to trigger orgasm
27
Orgasm Phase
Rhytmic contractions of the internal organs
28
testosterone = male =androgents
estrogens= female
29
Sexual orientation 3 dimensions;
self identity, sexual interaction and sexual behaviour
30
Achievement Goal theory
focuses on the manner in which success is defined by the individual and within the achievement situation itself
31
Mastery orientation
focuses on personal improvement, giving maximum effort and perfecting new skills
32
Ego orientation
the goal is to outperform others with as little effort as possible
33
Motivational climate
Encourages or rewards either a mastery approach or an ego approach approach to defining success
34
Motivational conflict
Desire to achieve success and to have fum may clash
35
EMOTION
are feelings states that involve a pattern of cognitive,physiological and behavioural reactions to events
36
Richads Lazzards says
motivation and emotion inextricably linked
37
TYPE OF MOTIVATIONAL CONFLICT | Approach- approach conflict
occurs when we face two attractive alternatives and selecting one means losing the other
38
TYPE OF MOTIVATIONAL CONFLICTAvoidance- avoidance conflict
occurs when we must choose between two undesirable alternatives
39
TYPE OF MOTIVATIONAL CONFLICTApproach -avoidance conflict
Being attracted to and repelled by the same goal= attraction +fear
40
Which of the following theories regarding development of homosexuality is empirically supported
homosexual mena and women are more likely to engage in gender- non-conforming behaviours
41
Achievement
the desire to accomplish tasks and compete successfully with standards of excellence
42
Mc Celland and Atkinson (1953) proposed that two components were in need for achievement; a positive oriented -----for success, and a negative oriented ---- for failure
Motive- fear
43
under which f the following circumstances are people most likely to affiliate
* with those in similar situation * in times of national crises * during natural disasters
44
2x2 achievement goal theory
performance is lower in a MASTERY involving achievement setting, but an EGO involving climate fosters the belief that ability instead of hard work lead to success
45
Which emotions have important adaptive functions?
Fear, alarm, joy
46
THE NATURE OF EMOTIONS | 4 common features
1) emotions are triggered by external or internal elicit stimuli. 2) Emotional responses result from our appraisal of these stimuli which give the situation its perceived meaning and significance. 3) our bodies respond physiologically to our appraisal. we become physically aroused, as when we feel fee, joy or anger; or we may experience decrease arousal, as when we feel contentment or depression. 4) emotions include behavioural tendencies. some are EXPRESSIVE BEHAVIOURS (smiling with joy, crying) other are INSTRUMENTAL BEHAVIOURS, ways of doing something about the stimulus that evoked the emotion
47
Since some emotions , such as fear and alarm,are important for or survival, we can say that emotions have -----functions
Adaptive functions
48
ELICIT STIMULI
Trigger cognitive appraisals and emotional responses are not always external: they can be internal stimuli, such as a mental image of an upcoming vacation that makes us feel happy or a memory of an unpleasant encounter that arouses anger in us. * it involves: CONDITIONING, LEARNING, EXTERNAL STIMULI, INTERNAL STIMULI
49
cognitive appraisals
are the interpretations and meanings that we attach to sensory stimuli. *different people can have different emotional reactions to the same situation for example: wester culture= being alone =relax other culture =being alone = fear
50
Amygdala
part of the brain which function is to be an early warning system for danger.
51
Prefrontal cortex
ability to regulate emotions
52
The results of cross- cultural research on cognitive appraisal in determining emotional reactions found that
* there is some degree of variation across cultures in more complex cognitive appraisals. * There is agreement across cultures in appraisal that evoke basic emotions
53
serotonin and norepinephrine =neurotransmitter play a role in?
anger and fear
54
Expressive behavious
the person's observable emotion displays, can evoke similar response in us, EMPATHY
55
Fundamental emotional patterns ( innate emotional reactions )
are wired into the nervous system
56
instrumental behaviour
directed at achieving some emotion relevan goal
57
the flight-or-flight responses are triggered by the?
sympathetic nervous system
58
when your sympathetic nervous system is activated, which of the following occur?
your heart beats faster you blood sugar level increases your muscle tense up
59
evolutionary theorist = emotional expressions believe that
innate emotional reactions are wired into the nervous system | *certain emotional expressions are similar across all culture
60
Zuckerman have shown that across many different cultures
women are more accurate judges of emotional expression
61
the more complex the task
the lower the optimal arousal level
62
optimal task performance depends upon ---- and ----
task and complexity
63
When fearful, which hormone are most likely to be pumped into the blood stream by the endocrine system
Epinephrine - cortisol
64
schalter's two factor of emotion is
cognitive theory
65
Cannon bard theory
subject experience of emotion and physiological arousal are independent

Psychology (6 decks)

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