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Psychology > MOTIVATION AND EMOTION > Flashcards

MOTIVATION AND EMOTION Flashcards

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1
Q

motivation

A

a process that influences the direction, persistence and vigour of goal directed behaviour.
*the force that moves people to behave, think and feel the way they do

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

a state of internal physiological equilibrium that the body strives to maintain

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3
Q

Drives

A

states of internal tension that motivate an organism to behave in ways tat reduce this tension

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4
Q

Behaviour Action System (BAS

A

is rouse to action by signals of potential reward and positive need gratification

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5
Q

Behaviour Inhibition System (BIS)

A

which responds to stimuli that signal potential pain, non-reinforcement and punishment

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6
Q

Incentives

A

Represent environmental stimuli that pull an organism toward a goal

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7
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

performing an active to obtain an external reaward or avoid punishment

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8
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

performing an activity for its own sake, because you find it enjoyable or challenging

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9
Q

Maslow- Self actualisation

A

Represents the need to fulfil our potential.

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10
Q

self determination theory

A

focuses on three fundamental psychological needs - competence, autonomy and relatedness- and on how they relate to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relatedness

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11
Q

competence ( self determination theory)

A

Motivation reflects a basic human need to experience oneself as capable, to master new challenges and to perfect skills

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12
Q

Autonomy (self determination theory)

A

as satisfied when people experience their actions as a result of free choice without external interference

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13
Q

Relatedness

A

Refers to our desire to form meningful bonds with others- to care and to be care for

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14
Q

According to self-determination theory competence, autonomy and relatedness influence ?

A

extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

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15
Q

in self determination theory, the need of ——- involves self-efficacy and mastery

A

competence

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16
Q

in self determination theory the need of ——-refers to our desire to have control over own life

A

Autonomy

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17
Q

Metabolism

A

is the body’srate of energy utilisation

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18
Q

satiety

A

the state in which we no longer feel hungry

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19
Q

Glucose

A

Sugar that is the body’s main source of immediate usable fuel.

As the glucose level in the bloodstream DECREASES, you feel MORE hungry

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20
Q

Leptin

A

is the hormone secreted by fat cells, it entres the bloodstreams and reaches the brain. if it decreases- appetite increase energy expenditure.

it influences appetite by INCREASING the potency of our satiety signals

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21
Q

Set point

A

A biological determined standards around which body weight is regulated

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22
Q

Neural circuits within the hypothalamus responsable for food intake regulation have found

A

Many pathways involve the paraventricular nucleus

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23
Q

Anorexia

A

intense fear of being fat and restricting food intake

10% male

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24
Q

Bulimia

A

bing-eating and purging

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25
Q

SEXUAL MOTIVATION

excitement phase

A

arousal builds rapidly

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26
Q

SEXUAL MOTIVATION

Plateau phase

A

arousal continues to build until there is enough muscle tension to trigger orgasm

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27
Q

Orgasm Phase

A

Rhytmic contractions of the internal organs

28
Q

testosterone = male =androgents

A

estrogens= female

29
Q

Sexual orientation 3 dimensions;

A

self identity, sexual interaction and sexual behaviour

30
Q

Achievement Goal theory

A

focuses on the manner in which success is defined by the individual and within the achievement situation itself

31
Q

Mastery orientation

A

focuses on personal improvement, giving maximum effort and perfecting new skills

32
Q

Ego orientation

A

the goal is to outperform others with as little effort as possible

33
Q

Motivational climate

A

Encourages or rewards either a mastery approach or an ego approach approach to defining success

34
Q

Motivational conflict

A

Desire to achieve success and to have fum may clash

35
Q

EMOTION

A

are feelings states that involve a pattern of cognitive,physiological and behavioural reactions to events

36
Q

Richads Lazzards says

A

motivation and emotion inextricably linked

37
Q

TYPE OF MOTIVATIONAL CONFLICT

Approach- approach conflict

A

occurs when we face two attractive alternatives and selecting one means losing the other

38
Q

TYPE OF MOTIVATIONAL CONFLICTAvoidance- avoidance conflict

A

occurs when we must choose between two undesirable alternatives

39
Q

TYPE OF MOTIVATIONAL CONFLICTApproach -avoidance conflict

A

Being attracted to and repelled by the same goal= attraction +fear

40
Q

Which of the following theories regarding development of homosexuality is empirically supported

A

homosexual mena and women are more likely to engage in gender- non-conforming behaviours

41
Q

Achievement

A

the desire to accomplish tasks and compete successfully with standards of excellence

42
Q

Mc Celland and Atkinson (1953) proposed that two components were in need for achievement; a positive oriented —–for success, and a negative oriented —- for failure

A

Motive- fear

43
Q

under which f the following circumstances are people most likely to affiliate

A
  • with those in similar situation
  • in times of national crises
  • during natural disasters
44
Q

2x2 achievement goal theory

A

performance is lower in a MASTERY involving achievement setting, but an EGO involving climate fosters the belief that ability instead of hard work lead to success

45
Q

Which emotions have important adaptive functions?

A

Fear, alarm, joy

46
Q

THE NATURE OF EMOTIONS

4 common features

A

1) emotions are triggered by external or internal elicit stimuli.
2) Emotional responses result from our appraisal of these stimuli which give the situation its perceived meaning and significance.
3) our bodies respond physiologically to our appraisal. we become physically aroused, as when we feel fee, joy or anger; or we may experience decrease arousal, as when we feel contentment or depression.
4) emotions include behavioural tendencies. some are EXPRESSIVE BEHAVIOURS (smiling with joy, crying)
other are INSTRUMENTAL BEHAVIOURS, ways of doing something about the stimulus that evoked the emotion

47
Q

Since some emotions , such as fear and alarm,are important for or survival, we can say that emotions have —–functions

A

Adaptive functions

48
Q

ELICIT STIMULI

A

Trigger cognitive appraisals and emotional responses are not always external: they can be internal stimuli, such as a mental image of an upcoming vacation that makes us feel happy or a memory of an unpleasant encounter that arouses anger in us.
* it involves: CONDITIONING, LEARNING, EXTERNAL STIMULI, INTERNAL STIMULI

49
Q

cognitive appraisals

A

are the interpretations and meanings that we attach to sensory stimuli.
*different people can have different emotional reactions to the same situation
for example: wester culture= being alone =relax
other culture =being alone = fear

50
Q

Amygdala

A

part of the brain which function is to be an early warning system for danger.

51
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

ability to regulate emotions

52
Q

The results of cross- cultural research on cognitive appraisal in determining emotional reactions found that

A
  • there is some degree of variation across cultures in more complex cognitive appraisals.
  • There is agreement across cultures in appraisal that evoke basic emotions
53
Q

serotonin and norepinephrine =neurotransmitter play a role in?

A

anger and fear

54
Q

Expressive behavious

A

the person’s observable emotion displays, can evoke similar response in us, EMPATHY

55
Q

Fundamental emotional patterns ( innate emotional reactions )

A

are wired into the nervous system

56
Q

instrumental behaviour

A

directed at achieving some emotion relevan goal

57
Q

the flight-or-flight responses are triggered by the?

A

sympathetic nervous system

58
Q

when your sympathetic nervous system is activated, which of the following occur?

A

your heart beats faster
you blood sugar level increases
your muscle tense up

59
Q

evolutionary theorist = emotional expressions believe that

A

innate emotional reactions are wired into the nervous system

*certain emotional expressions are similar across all culture

60
Q

Zuckerman have shown that across many different cultures

A

women are more accurate judges of emotional expression

61
Q

the more complex the task

A

the lower the optimal arousal level

62
Q

optimal task performance depends upon —- and —-

A

task and complexity

63
Q

When fearful, which hormone are most likely to be pumped into the blood stream by the endocrine system

A

Epinephrine - cortisol

64
Q

schalter’s two factor of emotion is

A

cognitive theory

65
Q

Cannon bard theory

A

subject experience of emotion and physiological arousal are independent

Psychology (6 decks)

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