Biological Bases

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

the specific genetic makeup of the individual

Question 2

phenotype

Answer 2

the individual observable characteristics

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

is a double stranded and tightly coiled molecule odf deoxyribonudeic acid (DNA)

Question 4

Alletes

Answer 4

alternative forms of a gene thta produce different characteristics

Question 5

Dominant

Answer 5

is a gene in the pair receive from both the mother and the father. controls will be displayed

Question 6

Recessive

Answer 6

Gene received from one parent, the characteristics will not show up unless the partner gene inherited from the other parent is also recessive

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

• stands for deoxyriboundeic acid
• DNA transmits instructions for cellular functioning
• DNA IS A DOUCLE STRANDED AND TIGHTLY COILDED molecule

Question 8

in order for a —- gene to be expressed, it must be inherited from both parents

Answer 8

Recessive

Question 9

an individual’s observable observable characteristics that can be affected both by other genes and by the environments the —–

Answer 9

Phenotype

Question 10

Behaviour Genetics

Answer 10

study how genes, environment nd social factors influence psychological and behavioural characteristics. more specifically this attempt to determine the relative influence of genetic and environment factors in accounting for individual differences in behaviour

Question 11

Family studies

Answer 11

study relatives to determine if genetic similarity is related to similarity in a articular trait

Question 12

Adoption studies

Answer 12

people who are adopted early in life are compared on some characteristics with both their BIOLOGICAL parents, with whom they share genetic environment, and with adoptive parents with whom they share no genes

Question 13

the degree of —- demonstrates how genetically similar people are

Answer 13

relatedness

Question 14

Heritability coefficient

Answer 14

Estimates the extent to which the differences, or variation, in a specific PHENOTYPE CHARACTERISTICS within a group of people can be attribute to variation in their genes.

Question 15

tabula rasa

Answer 15

blank table ; learning experience were inscribed

Question 16

Ethologists

Answer 16

focused on the function o behaviour, particularly.
ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE : How behaviour enhances the fitness of an organism; that is , its chance of survival and reproduction within its natural environment

Question 17

in twin studies, behaviour genetics can compare — /–between identical and fraternal twins by studing —–/–

Answer 17

traits similarity/ concordance rates

Question 18

Heritability

Answer 18

Provide indications of the degree to which genes and the environment contribute to a given trait within a population

Question 19

Evolution can be see as ==== adaption

Answer 19

Species

Question 20

A learning process is call?

Answer 20

personal adaptation

Question 21

ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE

Answer 21

: How behaviour enhances the fitness of an organism; that is , its chance of SURVIVAL and REPRODUCTION within its natural environment

Question 22

Fixed action pattern

Answer 22

an unlearned response automatically triggered by a particular stimulus. e.g fish colour trigger aggression

Question 23

Share environment

Answer 23

the people who reside in them are assumed to experience many of their feuturing in common

Question 24

unshared environment

Answer 24

experiences that are unic to us

Question 25

it appears that may psychological characteristiccs including intelligence, personality traits and certain psychological disorder have a —- contribution

Answer 25

Genetic

Question 26

Heritability of personality (5

Big FIVE describes a personality trait theory

Answer 26

1) Extroversion - introversion
2) Agreeableness
3) Conscientiousness
4) Neuroticism
5) Openess to experience

Question 27

1)Extroversion - introversion

Answer 27

sociable, outgoing , adventuresome, spontaneous VS quiet, aloof, inhibited, solitary

Question 28

2)Agreeableness

Answer 28

cooperative, helpful, good behaviour VS antagonist, uncooperative, suspicious

Question 29

3)Conscientiousness

Answer 29

responsible, goal-directed, dependable VS undependable, careless, irresponsable

Question 30

4)Neuroticism

Answer 30

worrying, anxious , emotionally unstable VS well adjusted, secure, calm

Question 31

5)Openess to experience

Answer 31

imaginative, artistically sensitive refined VS unreflective, crude , lacking intellectual curiosity

Question 32

Reaction range

Answer 32

for a genetically influence trait is the range of possibilities that the genetic codes allows.

the reaction range means that a person inherits upper and lower limits for a personality characteristic

Question 33

Evolution

Answer 33

is a change over time in the frequency with which particular genes and the characteristics they produce occur within an interbreeding population

Question 34

Mutuation

Answer 34

Random events and accidents which influence the structure of genes as they are transferred during the division of cells

Question 35

Natural selection

Answer 35

characteristics that increase the likelihood of both survival and reproduction within a particular environment will be more likely to be preserved in the population and therefore will become more common in the species over time

Question 36

Evolutionary (Adaptions)

Answer 36

Physical or behavioural changes that allow organism to meet recurring environmental challenges to thereby INCREASE their reproductive ability

Question 37

Evolutionary psychologists call human—- the expression on inborn biological tendencies

Answer 37

Nature

Question 38

what is the role of genes and the environment in human characteristics

Answer 38

genes and env both influence personality, intelligence

*genes and env rarely operate independently