Memory

Question 1

memory

Answer 1

process that allow us to record, store and later retrieve experiences and inf

Question 2

the three -stage model

Answer 2

1) sensory memory
2) working(short memory)
3) long memory

Question 3

Sensory memory

Answer 3

hold incoming sensory inf

Question 4

working memory (short term memory)

Answer 4

a memory stores that temporary hold a limited amount of inf.

*Baddeley referred to limited capacity

Question 5

How would you describe Miller’s magic number

Answer 5

it refers to the capacity of short term memory

Question 6

4 component of working memory (short time memory)

Answer 6

1) central executive
2) visuspatial
3) sketchpad
4) episodic buffer
5) phonological loop

Question 7

Long term memory

Answer 7

vast library of more durable store memories

Question 8

Serial position effect

Answer 8

meaning that the ability to recall an item is influenced by the item’s positions in a series.

Question 9

primary effect:

Answer 9

reflecting the superior recall of the EARLIEST ITEMS

Question 10

Recency effect

Answer 10

representing the superior recall of the most RECENT ITEMS

Question 11

Automatic processing

Answer 11

Encoding that occurs without intention and requires minimal attention

Question 12

Levels of processing

Answer 12

the more deeply we process inf the better we will remember ir

Question 13

SERIAL POSSITION EFFECT

Answer 13

the ability to recall an item is the influenced by the item’s position in an series.

Question 14

How does the quality of encoding affect retrieval?

Answer 14

the better we encode inf, the easier it will be to retrieve

Question 15

Effortful processing

Answer 15

encoding that is initiated intentionally and requires conscious attention

Question 16

Automatic processing

Answer 16

Encoding that occurs without intention and requires minimal attention

Question 17

structural encoding is considered —– as you can only have to notice structural features

Answer 17

superficial

Question 18

Shallow processing

Answer 18

exposure to a stimulus without focusing on it. processing which does not guarantee retention

Question 19

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 19

involves simple, rote repetition. saying the woeds over and over until memorise

Question 20

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 20

involves focusing on the meaning of information or expanding.

Question 21

using— rehearsal is more effective in transferring inf into long-tem memory. this is due s to the fact that it involves focusing on meaning of the inf or expanding on it in some way

Answer 21

elaborative

Question 22

MNEMONIC DEVICE

Answer 22

is a memory aid to improve memory

Question 23

SCHEMA

Answer 23

is a mental framework, an organised patter of though about some aspect of the world.

*ENCODING is often organised around SCHEMAS

Question 24

types of long-term memory (6)

Answer 24

1) Declarative memory
2) episodic memory
3) Semantic memory
4) procedural memory (non- declarative)
5) Explicit memory
6) Implicit memory

Question 25

1) Declarative memory

Answer 25

involves factual knowledge and includes two subcategories

Question 26

2) episodic memory

Answer 26

is our store of knowledge CONCERNING PERSONAL EXPERIENCES. When, where and what happened

Question 27

3) Semantic memory

Answer 27

represents GENERAL FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE about the WORLD AND LANGUAGE, including memory for WORDS AND CONCEPTS

Question 28

4) procedural memory (non- declarative)

Answer 28

Reflected in skills and actions

8 consist of memory for motor skills like riding a bike or operating a mobile phone

Question 29

5) Explicit memory

Answer 29

involves conscious or intentional memory retrieval,as when you consciously recognise or recall something

Question 30

6) Implicit memory

Answer 30

occurs when memory influences our behaviour without conscious awareness

Question 31

examples of MNEMONIC aids

Answer 31

Method of loci
Acronyms
Hierarchies
Chunking

Question 32

Hanna was trying to think of the name of her kinder garden teacher. she was relying on which type of memory

Answer 32

EXPLICIT

Question 33

RETRIEVAL CUE:

Answer 33

is a stimulus, whether internal or external, that activated inf stored in long-term memory

Question 34

STATE -DEPENDENT MEMORY

Answer 34

proposes that our ability to retrieve inf is grater when our internal state at the time of retrieval matches our original state during learning

Question 35

Why do we forget?

Answer 35

difficulty encoding, storing and retrieval

Question 36

How inf is retrieved by the memory?

Answer 36

info is activated by a retrieval cue accompanies by the process of spread activation

Question 37

4 causes of forgetting

Answer 37

1) Decay of the memory trace
2) encoding failure
3) Motivated forgetting
4) interference

Question 38

Alzheimers disease

Answer 38

progressive brain disorder that is the most common cause of dementia among adult over 65

Question 39

infantile amnesia

Answer 39

the memory loss for early experiences

Question 40

Where are memories formed and stored?

Answer 40

long-term memory in the HIPPOCAMPUS

Question 41

Memory Construction

Answer 41

piercing together bits of store inf to complete a sketchy or incomplete memory

Question 42

As a result of engaging in memory construction memories can be

Answer 42

INACURATE

Question 43

Which of the following research findings are true in regards to child as eyewitness

Answer 43

• younger children are more susceptible to influence than older children
• professionals have difficulty discriminating between true and false reports.
• suggestive questioning can influence children

Question 44

interference theory

Answer 44

We forget inf because other items in long term memory IMPAIR OUR ABILITY TO RETRIEVE IT.
IT INVOLVE: *proactive interference
*retroactive interference

Question 45

Memory codes

Answer 45

VISUAL, PHONOLOGICAL, SEMANTIC, MOTOR

Question 46

SHORT TERM memory is limited in duration and capacity. However, it can be enhance by —- and —–

Answer 46

rehearsal and chunking

Question 47

remembering you have a band practice next Tuesday is and example of:

Answer 47

Prospective memory