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Brain and behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

NEURONES

A

are the basic building block of the nervous system. each neuro has three main parts: A CELL BODY
DENDRILES AND AXON .

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2
Q

The CELL BODY is call the

A

soma

  • material needed to sustain the neurone
  • how it develops and funtion
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3
Q

Neurones do 2 important things

A

1) they generate electricity that creates nerves impulses

2) they RELEASE CHEMICALS that allow them to communicate with other neurones and with muscle and glands

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4
Q

How do neurones communicate with other neurones, muscle and gland?

A

by releasing chemicals

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5
Q

inside the Neurone are which ions

A

A - and K+

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6
Q

DENDRINE

A

part of the neurone that emerges from the cell body and receives inf from the neighbouring neurones

  • collects in
  • sends inf to the cell body
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7
Q

Action potential

A

the electrical shift, which last about a millisecond

*nerve impulse

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8
Q

AXON

A

Conducts electrical impuses

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9
Q 
Neurone categories  (3)
three major type of neurones in the nervous system
A

1) SENSORY found in skin, muscles , joints and organs.
2) MOTOR: stimulate muscle cells
3) INTERNEURONS: *connections
* central nervous system including the brain

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10
Q

POLARISATION

A

when the neurone is in a state of rest

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11
Q

Synaptic Transmission

A

The nervous system operates as a giant network and its actions requires the transmission of nerve impulses from one neurone to another

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12
Q

Synaptic Space

A

a tiny gap between the AXON terminal and the next neurone

to move from presynaptic neurone to postsynaptic neurone, the neurotransmitter have to cross the? SYNAPTIC SPACE

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13
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

A

Chemical substance that carry messages across the SYNAPTIC SPACE to other neurones or glands.

*there are many and they are specialised, some of which can coexist within the same neurone

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14
Q

FIVE STEPS enabling action potentials:

A

1) transmitter molecule formed inside the neurone(synthesis)
2) when stimulated by an action potential molecules released into synaptic space
3) across the synaptic space
4) blind to receptor sites
5) molecule continually excite or inhibit the neurone until deactivated

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15
Q

For communication to occur between neurones, nerve —–need to flow one neurone to another

A

impulses

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16
Q

the analogy for the nervous system is a:

A

gran communication system

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17
Q

REUPTAKE

A

THE TRANSMITTER MOLECULES ARE TAKEN BACK INTO THE PRESYNAPTIC AXON TERMINALS.
*process by which a release neurotransmitter is taken back by the neurone

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18
Q

THE NERVOSE SYSTEM

A

is the bodies control center

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19
Q

Sensory Neurones

A

carry input messages from the sense organs to the spinal cord brain

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20
Q

Motor Neurones

A

transmit inputs impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the bodi’s muscle and organs

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21
Q

Interneurones

A

perform connective or associative functions within the nervous system

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22
Q

PERIPHERALl nervous system

A
  • SOMANTIC; voluntary muscle activation
  • AUTOMATIC: involuntary muscle activation
    1) sympathetic
    2) parasympathetic
23
Q

THE CENTRAL nervous system

A

contains the brain and the spinal cord, which connects parts of the peripheral nervous system with the brain

24
Q

FOREBRAIN

A
  • includes an outer top of the midbrain cerebral cortex

* it sits on top of the midbrain and brain steam, behind which lies the cerebellum.

25
Q

Neurotransmitters process 5 STEPS

A

1) SYNTHESIS
2) STORAGE
3) RELEASE
4) BINDING
5) DEACTIVATION

26
Q

SYNAPTIC VERIDES

A

chamber within the AXON terminal where transmitter molecules are stored
* WHERE NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE STORED

27
Q

DEPOLARISATION

A

when sodio ions flood into the cell, depolarisation process takes place in the neurone

28
Q

the two division of the nervouse system are the

A

Central and peripheral nervosue system

29
Q

THE LIMBIC SYSTEM

A

is involved in the process of emotion, motivation and also learning and memory.
in addition to the HYPOTHALAMUS AND THE THALAMUS , two key structures in the limbic system are the HIPPOCAMPUS and the Amygdala.

30
Q

Hippocampus

A

Is involved in forming and retrieving memories

31
Q

Reticular formation

A

acts as a kind of sentry, both alerting higher centres of the brain that messages are coming and then either blocking those messages or allowing them to go forward

32
Q

Automatic

A

the smooth or involuntary muscle of the heart are controlled by the automatic nervous system

33
Q

The central nervouse system comprises which organs structures?

A

the brain and spinal cord

34
Q

according to evolutionary theory, which of the following brain structures was developed most recently

A

cerebral cortex

35
Q

HEMISOPHERE divided into four lobes:

A

1) frontal
2) parietal
3) occipital
4) temporal

36
Q

Motor system

A

each sides of the body sends sensory input to the opposite hemisphere

37
Q

Brain stream

A

Support Vital life functions. included are pons and medulla
*MEDULA: basic survival functions breathing and calculating sensory and motor nerve tracks.
*PONS: nerve impulses
regulations sleep and arousal

38
Q

THE CORPUS COLLASUM

A

Is a broad band of white myelinated nerve fibres that connects the left and right cerebral hemisphere, adding communication between the two halves of the brain.

39
Q

Lateralisation

A

Refers to the relatively grater localisation of a function in one hemisphere or the other

Reading is associated with the left side of the brain. this is an example of? Lateralisation

40
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Verbal abilities, speech, mathematical and logical abilities

41
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

mental imagery, musical and artistic abilities spatial realations

42
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordination of movement

43
Q

cerebrum

A

learning and memory

44
Q

Receptor sites

A

the large protein molecules embedded in the post-synaptic neurone’s cell membrane

45
Q

Excitatory

A

messages make it more likely that neighbouring neurones will fire
* messages INCREASE the likelihood of an action potential in neighboring neurones

46
Q

Reticular formation

A

EITHE BLOCKS MESSAGES OR ALLOWS THEM TO GO FOWARD TO THE HIGHER BRAIN CENTRES

47
Q

The brain’s core govern

A

Basic physiological functions

48
Q

brain stream and crucial for life support?

A

Medulla and Pons

49
Q

what is the name of the tissue that passes inf between the 2 cerebral hemisphere

A

CORPUS CALLOSUS

50
Q

NERVE ACTIONS OCCUR 3

A

1) RESTING POTENTIAL
2) ACTING POTENTIAL
3) REST

51
Q

Neural plasticity

A

refers to the ability of neurones to change in structure and function

52
Q

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

A

consist of numerous hormone-secreting glands distributed thought the body.

  • convey inf from one area of the body to the other.
  • transmite info in form of hormones, unlike nervous system using nerve impulses
53
Q

NEUROGENESIS

A

Is the production of new neurones in the nervouse system

54
Q

Destruction technique

A

when electricity is being used to destroy cells in order to study the brain

Psychology (6 decks)

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