Brain and behaviour Flashcards
NEURONES
are the basic building block of the nervous system. each neuro has three main parts: A CELL BODY
DENDRILES AND AXON .
The CELL BODY is call the
soma
- material needed to sustain the neurone
- how it develops and funtion
Neurones do 2 important things
1) they generate electricity that creates nerves impulses
2) they RELEASE CHEMICALS that allow them to communicate with other neurones and with muscle and glands
How do neurones communicate with other neurones, muscle and gland?
by releasing chemicals
inside the Neurone are which ions
A - and K+
DENDRINE
part of the neurone that emerges from the cell body and receives inf from the neighbouring neurones
- collects in
- sends inf to the cell body
Action potential
the electrical shift, which last about a millisecond
*nerve impulse
AXON
Conducts electrical impuses
Neurone categories (3) three major type of neurones in the nervous system
1) SENSORY found in skin, muscles , joints and organs.
2) MOTOR: stimulate muscle cells
3) INTERNEURONS: *connections
* central nervous system including the brain
POLARISATION
when the neurone is in a state of rest
Synaptic Transmission
The nervous system operates as a giant network and its actions requires the transmission of nerve impulses from one neurone to another
Synaptic Space
a tiny gap between the AXON terminal and the next neurone
to move from presynaptic neurone to postsynaptic neurone, the neurotransmitter have to cross the? SYNAPTIC SPACE
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Chemical substance that carry messages across the SYNAPTIC SPACE to other neurones or glands.
*there are many and they are specialised, some of which can coexist within the same neurone
FIVE STEPS enabling action potentials:
1) transmitter molecule formed inside the neurone(synthesis)
2) when stimulated by an action potential molecules released into synaptic space
3) across the synaptic space
4) blind to receptor sites
5) molecule continually excite or inhibit the neurone until deactivated
For communication to occur between neurones, nerve —–need to flow one neurone to another
impulses
the analogy for the nervous system is a:
gran communication system
REUPTAKE
THE TRANSMITTER MOLECULES ARE TAKEN BACK INTO THE PRESYNAPTIC AXON TERMINALS.
*process by which a release neurotransmitter is taken back by the neurone
THE NERVOSE SYSTEM
is the bodies control center
Sensory Neurones
carry input messages from the sense organs to the spinal cord brain
Motor Neurones
transmit inputs impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the bodi’s muscle and organs
Interneurones
perform connective or associative functions within the nervous system
PERIPHERALl nervous system
- SOMANTIC; voluntary muscle activation
- AUTOMATIC: involuntary muscle activation
1) sympathetic
2) parasympathetic
THE CENTRAL nervous system
contains the brain and the spinal cord, which connects parts of the peripheral nervous system with the brain
FOREBRAIN
- includes an outer top of the midbrain cerebral cortex
* it sits on top of the midbrain and brain steam, behind which lies the cerebellum.
