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psychology > Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

james lange theory

A

emotions result from the experience of physiological reactions in the body
-FACIAL FEEDBACK HYPOTHESIS

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2
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

according to hypothesis, the muscles used to create a facial expression trigger your experience of emotion

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3
Q

what motivates your behavior

A

many factors influence motivation
-some behavior are motivated for their own sake

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4
Q

activating

A

it stimulates us to do something

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5
Q

directive

A

it guides our behaviors toward meeting specific goals or needs

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6
Q

sustaining

A

it helps us behaviors until we achieve our goals or satisfy our needs

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7
Q

differing in strength

A

motives will differ in strength depending on the person and the situation

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8
Q

need

A

a state of biological or social deficiency

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9
Q

need hierarchy

A

an arrangement of needs, in which basic survival needs must be met before people can satisfy higher needs

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10
Q

drive

A

a psychological state that by creating arousal, motivates an organism to engage in a behavior to satisfy a need

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11
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency for bodily functions to remain in equilibrium
-the set point indicated homeostasis for the system

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12
Q

arousal

A

physiological activation or increased autonomic responses (such as increased heart rate, sweating, muscle tension

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13
Q

arousal and perfomance

A

everyone is motivated to engage based on their own optimal level of arousal

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14
Q

yerkes dodson law

A

describes the relationship between arousal, motivation, and performance

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15
Q

pleasure

A

Freud proposed that needs are satisfied based on the pleasure principle

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16
Q

incentives

A

External objects or external goals, rather than internal drives, that motivate behaviors

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17
Q

incentives affect our motivation to act in

A

certain ways because we have learned over time that our ACTIONS have CONSEQUENCES

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18
Q

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

A

a DESIRE to perform an activity because of the VALUE or PLEASURE associated with that activity, rather than for an apparent external goal or purpose

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19
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

a desire to perform an activity to achieve an EXTERNAL goal that activity is directed toward

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20
Q

types of intrinsic

A

autonomy, belonging, curiosity, love, learning, mastery, meaning

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21
Q

extrinsic

A

badges, competition, fear of FAILURE, fear of PUNISHMENT, GOLD STARS, MONEY, POINTS, REWARDS

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22
Q

self determination theory

A

-in self-determination theory, people are motivated to feel good about themselves
-people r MOTIVATED to feel successful have personal control and develop relationship with others
-EXTRINSIC rewards may reduce the intrinsic value of an activity because they undermine our feeling that we are choosing to do

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23
Q

self-perception theory

A

-SELDOM aware of our specific motives.
We make inferences about our motives according to what seems to make the most sense

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24
Q

NEED to belong theory

A

the need for interpersonal attachments is a fundamental motive that had evolved for adaptive purpose
EXAMPLE: the movie CAST AWAY

25
Q

what is MURRY achievment

A

proposed a number of basic PYSCHOSOCIAL NEEDS including: power, autonomy, achievement, play

26
Q

what is achievement motivation:

A

NEED OR DESIRE to attain a certain standard of excellence

27
Q

four factors that affect our ability to achieve long-term goals

A

-The goals themselves
-Our sense of self-efficacy
-Our ability to delay gratification
-Grit

28
Q

how do goals affect

A

goals that are too easy or too hard can UNDERMINE MOTIVATION and lead to FAILURE

29
Q

how does self-efficacy affects achievement

A

-EXPECTATION that your efforts will lead to SUCCESS
-goals that are challenging but not overwhelming usually are most likely to lead to success

30
Q

ability to delay gratification

A

is an INDICATOR of success in life
(marshmallow study)

31
Q

grit

A

people grit have a deep passion for their goals and a willingness to keep working towards them, even in spite of HARDSHIPS AND PITFALLS
EXAMPLE: DONT QUIT

32
Q

emotion

A

immediate, specific negative or positive response to environmental events or internal thoughts
-based on PHYSICAL, BODILY RESPONSE, AFFECT THOUGHTS AND ACTION, SUBJUNCTIVE

33
Q

primary emotions

A

evolutionary adaptive emotions that are shared across cultures and related with specific physical states; includes anger, fear, sadness, disgust, happiness, surprise and contempt

34
Q

secondary emotions

A

blends of primary emotions: include remorse, guilt, shame submission and anticipation

35
Q

moods

A

are spread-out, long-lasting emotional states that do not have an identifiable object of trigger

36
Q

emotions are described

A

valence and arousal

37
Q

circumplex model

A

your experience of emotions can be categorized by a certain degree of valence and certain level of arousal (low to high)

38
Q

cannon bard theory

A

emotions and bodily responses both occur simultaneously due to ways that parts of brain process information

39
Q

two-factor theory

A

how we experience an emotion is influenced by the cognitive label we apply to explain the physiological changes we have experienced
-misattribution of arousal
-excitation transfer

40
Q

the amygdala

A

process emotional significance of stimuli and generates immediate emotional and behavioral
-helps READ peoples facial expressions, and in

41
Q

how does amygdala go along two separates pathways

A

-“quick and dirty” system, which processes sensory information nearly instantaneously
-slower but it leads to more deliberate and thorough evaluations

42
Q

james gross

A

outlines several strategies people use to regulate their emotions

43
Q

thought suppression and rumination

A

when we suppress negative thoughts, we are trying not to feel or respond to the emotion at all
-extremely difficult and often leads to a rebound effect

44
Q

rumination

A

involved thinking about, elaborating and focusing on undesired thoughts or feelings

45
Q

positive reappraisal

A

directly alter our emotional reactions to events by thinking about those events in more neutral terms

46
Q

humor

A

o Laughter improves the immune system and stimulates the release of HORMONES, DOPAMINE, SEROTONIN, and ENDORPHINS
o When we laugh, we experience rises in CIRCULATION, BLOOD PRESSURE, skin TEMPERATURE, and HEART RATE, along with a decrease in pain perception

47
Q

Distraction

A

-some distractions backfire as we may end up thinking about other problems

48
Q

charles darwin

A

argued that expressive aspects of emotion are adaptive because they communicate how we are feeling

49
Q

eyes and mouth

A

we convey emotional information by means of our eyes and mouth

50
Q

support is strongest for happiness and

A

weakest for fear and disgust

51
Q

signs of facial expression of pride are innate

A

smiling face, raised arms, an expanded chest, pushed-out torso

52
Q

display rules

A

rules that are learned through socialization and that dictate what emotions are suitable in certain situations
-in culture rules tend to be different for women and men

53
Q

emtions affect

A

decision making and judgements

54
Q

Affect-as-information
theory

A

People use their
current moods to make
decisions, judgments, and
appraisals, even if they do not
know what caused their
emotions.

55
Q

decision making

A

Emotions influence our decision making in different ways.
o Anticipating how different choices might make us feel
can serve as a guide in decision making

56
Q

Emotion affects judgments

A

In a study, people in good moods rated their lives as satisfactory, whereas people in bad moods gave lower overall ratings

57
Q

guilt strenghten SOCIAL BONDS

A
58
Q

guilt

A

Excessive feelings of guilt may have negative
consequences.
o There is evidence that socialization is more
important than biology in determining
specifically how children experience guilt

59
Q

embarrassment and blushing

A

People feel embarrassed after
violating a cultural norm, doing
something clumsy, being teased,
or experiencing a threat to their
self-image.
* Blushing occurs most often
when people believe others
might view them negatively and
communicates an
understanding that some type
of social awkwardness has
occurred.

psychology (5 decks)

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