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Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

james lange theory

A

emotions result from the experience of physiological reactions in the body
-FACIAL FEEDBACK HYPOTHESIS

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2
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

according to hypothesis, the muscles used to create a facial expression trigger your experience of emotion

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3
Q

what motivates your behavior

A

many factors influence motivation
-some behavior are motivated for their own sake

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4
Q

activating

A

it stimulates us to do something

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5
Q

directive

A

it guides our behaviors toward meeting specific goals or needs

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6
Q

sustaining

A

it helps us behaviors until we achieve our goals or satisfy our needs

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7
Q

differing in strength

A

motives will differ in strength depending on the person and the situation

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8
Q

need

A

a state of biological or social deficiency

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9
Q

need hierarchy

A

an arrangement of needs, in which basic survival needs must be met before people can satisfy higher needs

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10
Q

drive

A

a psychological state that by creating arousal, motivates an organism to engage in a behavior to satisfy a need

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11
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency for bodily functions to remain in equilibrium
-the set point indicated homeostasis for the system

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12
Q

arousal

A

physiological activation or increased autonomic responses (such as increased heart rate, sweating, muscle tension

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13
Q

arousal and perfomance

A

everyone is motivated to engage based on their own optimal level of arousal

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14
Q

yerkes dodson law

A

describes the relationship between arousal, motivation, and performance

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15
Q

pleasure

A

Freud proposed that needs are satisfied based on the pleasure principle

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16
Q

incentives

A

External objects or external goals, rather than internal drives, that motivate behaviors

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17
Q

incentives affect our motivation to act in

A

certain ways because we have learned over time that our ACTIONS have CONSEQUENCES

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18
Q

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

A

a DESIRE to perform an activity because of the VALUE or PLEASURE associated with that activity, rather than for an apparent external goal or purpose

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19
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

a desire to perform an activity to achieve an EXTERNAL goal that activity is directed toward

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20
Q

types of intrinsic

A

autonomy, belonging, curiosity, love, learning, mastery, meaning

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21
Q

extrinsic

A

badges, competition, fear of FAILURE, fear of PUNISHMENT, GOLD STARS, MONEY, POINTS, REWARDS

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22
Q

self determination theory

A

-in self-determination theory, people are motivated to feel good about themselves
-people r MOTIVATED to feel successful have personal control and develop relationship with others
-EXTRINSIC rewards may reduce the intrinsic value of an activity because they undermine our feeling that we are choosing to do

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23
Q

self-perception theory

A

-SELDOM aware of our specific motives.
We make inferences about our motives according to what seems to make the most sense

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24
Q

NEED to belong theory

A

the need for interpersonal attachments is a fundamental motive that had evolved for adaptive purpose
EXAMPLE: the movie CAST AWAY

25
what is MURRY achievment
proposed a number of basic PYSCHOSOCIAL NEEDS including: power, autonomy, achievement, play
26
what is achievement motivation:
NEED OR DESIRE to attain a certain standard of excellence
27
four factors that affect our ability to achieve long-term goals
-The goals themselves -Our sense of self-efficacy -Our ability to delay gratification -Grit
28
how do goals affect
goals that are too easy or too hard can UNDERMINE MOTIVATION and lead to FAILURE
29
how does self-efficacy affects achievement
-EXPECTATION that your efforts will lead to SUCCESS -goals that are challenging but not overwhelming usually are most likely to lead to success
30
ability to delay gratification
is an INDICATOR of success in life (marshmallow study)
31
grit
people grit have a deep passion for their goals and a willingness to keep working towards them, even in spite of HARDSHIPS AND PITFALLS EXAMPLE: DONT QUIT
32
emotion
immediate, specific negative or positive response to environmental events or internal thoughts -based on PHYSICAL, BODILY RESPONSE, AFFECT THOUGHTS AND ACTION, SUBJUNCTIVE
33
primary emotions
evolutionary adaptive emotions that are shared across cultures and related with specific physical states; includes anger, fear, sadness, disgust, happiness, surprise and contempt
34
secondary emotions
blends of primary emotions: include remorse, guilt, shame submission and anticipation
35
moods
are spread-out, long-lasting emotional states that do not have an identifiable object of trigger
36
emotions are described
valence and arousal
37
circumplex model
your experience of emotions can be categorized by a certain degree of valence and certain level of arousal (low to high)
38
cannon bard theory
emotions and bodily responses both occur simultaneously due to ways that parts of brain process information
39
two-factor theory
how we experience an emotion is influenced by the cognitive label we apply to explain the physiological changes we have experienced -misattribution of arousal -excitation transfer
40
the amygdala
process emotional significance of stimuli and generates immediate emotional and behavioral -helps READ peoples facial expressions, and in
41
how does amygdala go along two separates pathways
-"quick and dirty" system, which processes sensory information nearly instantaneously -slower but it leads to more deliberate and thorough evaluations
42
james gross
outlines several strategies people use to regulate their emotions
43
thought suppression and rumination
when we suppress negative thoughts, we are trying not to feel or respond to the emotion at all -extremely difficult and often leads to a rebound effect
44
rumination
involved thinking about, elaborating and focusing on undesired thoughts or feelings
45
positive reappraisal
directly alter our emotional reactions to events by thinking about those events in more neutral terms
46
humor
o Laughter improves the immune system and stimulates the release of HORMONES, DOPAMINE, SEROTONIN, and ENDORPHINS o When we laugh, we experience rises in CIRCULATION, BLOOD PRESSURE, skin TEMPERATURE, and HEART RATE, along with a decrease in pain perception
47
Distraction
-some distractions backfire as we may end up thinking about other problems
48
charles darwin
argued that expressive aspects of emotion are adaptive because they communicate how we are feeling
49
eyes and mouth
we convey emotional information by means of our eyes and mouth
50
support is strongest for happiness and
weakest for fear and disgust
51
signs of facial expression of pride are innate
smiling face, raised arms, an expanded chest, pushed-out torso
52
display rules
rules that are learned through socialization and that dictate what emotions are suitable in certain situations -in culture rules tend to be different for women and men
53
emtions affect
decision making and judgements
54
Affect-as-information theory
People use their current moods to make decisions, judgments, and appraisals, even if they do not know what caused their emotions.
55
decision making
Emotions influence our decision making in different ways. o Anticipating how different choices might make us feel can serve as a guide in decision making
56
Emotion affects judgments
In a study, people in good moods rated their lives as satisfactory, whereas people in bad moods gave lower overall ratings
57
guilt strenghten SOCIAL BONDS
58
guilt
Excessive feelings of guilt may have negative consequences. o There is evidence that socialization is more important than biology in determining specifically how children experience guilt
59
embarrassment and blushing
People feel embarrassed after violating a cultural norm, doing something clumsy, being teased, or experiencing a threat to their self-image. * Blushing occurs most often when people believe others might view them negatively and communicates an understanding that some type of social awkwardness has occurred.

psychology (5 decks)

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