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Management > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

1
Q

Need theories

A

Theories of motivation that focus on what needs people are trying to satisfy at work and what outcomes will satisfy those needs

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2
Q

Premise of needs theories

A

People are motivated to obtain outcomes at work to satisfy their needs

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3
Q

Maslows hierarchy of needs

A

Specifies 5 human needs arranged in such a way that lower, basic needs must be satisfied before higher level needs become activated

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4
Q

5 levels of maslows hierarchy

A 
Physiological 
Safety and security 
Social 
Esteem
Self actualization
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5
Q

Mcclellands theory of needs

A

Achievement (drive to excel)
Power (make people behave differently)
Affiliation (close interpersonal relationships)
Cognition (understand and know)

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6
Q

Equity theory

A

Motivated to create fairness of outcomes to inputs relative to others

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7
Q

Overpayment inequity

A

Guilty

Get more for less than someone else

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8
Q

Underpayment inequity

A

Anger

Gets less for more than someone else

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9
Q

Equitable payment

A

Persons outcome/input ratio is equivalent to that of another person with whom the person compares themselves to

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10
Q

Outcomes

A

Rewards received from jobs
Salary
Recognition

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11
Q

Inputs

A

Contributions to job
Qualifications
Time worked

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12
Q

Expectancy theory

A

Motivation based on people’s beliefs about probability that effort will lead to performance, multiplied by probability performance will lead to reward, multiplied by perceived value of reward

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13
Q

Expectancy

A

Belief ones efforts will positively influence ones performance

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14
Q

Instrumentality

A

Beliefs regarding likelihood of being rewarded in accord with level of performance

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15
Q

Valence

A

Value a person places on rewards expected to receive from organization

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16
Q

Goal setting theory

A

Specific goals lead to increased performance
Difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher output than easy goals
Self generated feedback is more powerful motivator than externally generated feedback

17
Q

3 things that influence the relationship between goals and performance

A

Commitment
Task characteristics
National culture

18
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Form of learning where people associate consequences if their actions with the actions themselves

19
Q

Social learning

A

Individuals learn by observing what happens to other people and just being told about something as well as direct experiences

20
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Process by which people learn to perform behaviors that lead to presentation of desired outcomes

21
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Process by which people learn to perform acts that lead to removal of undesired events

22
Q

Punishment

A

Decreasing undesirable behavior by following it with undesirable consequences

23
Q

Extinction

A

Process through which responses that are no longer reinforced tend to gradually diminish in strength

24
Q

Social learning theory

A

People learn new behaviors and become motivated by observing others through observational learning

25
Q

Learning is reinforced by

A 
Self efficacy (one's belief in one's ability)
Self reinforcement  (rewarding self for motivation)
26
Q

Merit pay plan

A

Compensation plan that bases pay on performance

27
Q

Commission

A

Pay based on percentage of sales employee makes

28
Q

Piece rate pay

A

Employees pay based on number units employee produces

29
Q

Types of merit pay plans

A

Bonus
Raise
Commission
Piece rate pay

30
Q

Profit sharing

A

Employees receive share of organizations profits

31
Q

Scanlon plan

A

Focused on reduced expenses or cutting costs

32
Q

Employee stock option

A

Pay based on organizational performance

33
Q

Types of profit sharing

A

Scanlon plan

Employee stock option

34
Q

Motivation (3 parts)

A

Direction (behaviors)
Effort (how hard work)
Persistence (try or give up)

Management (8 decks)

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