Motivation

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

• The proces that initiates, guides and maintains goal oriented behaviours
• The driving force behind the actions we take to get closer to reaching our goals

Question 2

What are 4 sources of motivation?

Answer 2

• Physiological
• Cognitions
• Emotions
• Social

Question 3

Explain the physiological source of motivation

Answer 3

• Motivation that arises from the body urging you to reach a goal
• Occures due to your body needing to maintain homeostasis urging us to eat, drink, sleep, mate, survive

Question 4

Explain the cognitions source of motivation

Answer 4

• Thoughts, perceptions and understandings of the world around us will influence our motivation across all aspects of life

Question 5

Explain the emotional source of motivation

Answer 5

• Our feelings play on our motivations just as much as cognitions, meaning we can make logically questionable decisions due to our emotions

Question 6

Explain the social source of motivation

Answer 6

• Peer pressure and other social pressures can motivate us to act in ways that please our crowd and allow us to fit in

Question 7

Who made the self-determination theory

Answer 7

Deci & Ryan

Question 8

Explain the self-determination theory

Answer 8

• Focusses on the motivation behind the decisions people make
• Argues that people are motivated to grow, learn and change their lives, if their 3 baisic psychological needs are satisfied

Question 9

What are the 3 psychological needs in the self-determination theory?

Answer 9

• Autonomy
• Competence
• Relatedness

Question 10

Explain autonomy as a psychological need

Answer 10

• People need to feel in control of their own behaviours and goals
• Sense of being able to take direct action that results in a real change in ones life, allows people to feel self-determined

Question 11

Explain competence as a psychological need

Answer 11

• Individuals must feel effective in their environment
• People need to master and learn different skills, whem people feel they have the skills for success they are more likely to take action

Question 12

Explain relatedness as a psychological need

Answer 12

• People have a need to care for others and feel cared for and supported by others. A sense of belonging, attachment and connectedness
• Feeling supported by others allows us to develop motivation to make change

Question 13

What are the 3 types of motivation in the self-determination theory?

Answer 13

• Amotivation
• Extrinsic motivation
• Intrinsic motivation

Question 14

What is amotivation?

Answer 14

• Describes the lack of motivation due to feeling incompetent
• Occurs when an individual deems they are not able to complete a task, so they lose motivation to do it
• Occurs when psychological needs are not met, leading to negative psychological consequences

Question 15

What is extrinsic motivation?

Answer 15

• Occurs when people do an activity because they expect a reward or avoid punishment (due to external factors)
• Occurs when some psychologcal needs are met

Question 16

What is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 16

• Occurs when people do something because they find it interesting or enjoyable
• Impacted by the individuals attitudes and beliefs
• Occurs when all psychological needs are met

Question 17

Who theorised the hierachy of needs?

Answer 17

Maslow

Question 18

Explain the hierachy of needs theory of motivation

Answer 18

• Describes hoe motivation to self-actualise is at the core of personality development
• Humans motivated by needs arranged in a hierachy, survival needs at the bottom and creative needs at the top
• Once each need is met, people strive to reach the next need in the hierachy

Question 19

What are the 5 needs in the hierachy of needs theory from bottom to top?

Answer 19

• Physiological needs
• Safety needs
• Belongingness and love needds
• Esteem needs
• Self-actualisation

Question 20

Explain physiological needs and give some examples

Answer 20

• Biological requirements for human survival
• These will motivate our behaviour more than anything if lacking
  eg. Air, food, water

Question 21

Explain safety needs and give some examples

Answer 21

• People want to experience order, predictability and control in their lives
  eg. security, safety against harm

Question 22

Explain belongingness and love needs and give some examples

Answer 22

• As humans we have an emotional need for interpersonal relationships, connectedness and being part of a group
• Can override safety needs
  eg. Friends, family, partners

Question 23

Explain esteem needs and give some examples

Answer 23

• Typical human desire is to be accepted and valed by others
• People usually engage in a proffession or hobby to gain recognition, giving someone a sense of contribution
• Esteem can be for ourself or ascceptance from others (independence vs status)
  eg. Playing a sport to gain a sense of accomplishment

Question 24

Explain self-actualisation needs and give some examples

Answer 24

• Realisation and achievement of a persons full potential
• Most people won’t truley achieve this stage, instead temporary moments called peak experiences
• People will always look for ways to improve themselves to self-actualise

Question 25

What 3 needs did maslow add in his expanded hierachy of needs

Answer 25

• Cognitive needs
• Asthetic needs
• Transcendence needs

Question 26

Explain cognitive needs and give some examples

Answer 26

• Drive our pursuit for knowledge and understanding
• Meeting these needs facilitates personal growth, comprehension and deeper understanding of life
  eg. strive for knowledge

Question 27

Explain asthetic needs and give some examples

Answer 27

• Appreciation and persuit of art, music and other creative pieces
  eg. appreciation for beauty and balance

Question 28

Explain trabscendence needs and give some examples

Answer 28

• Motivated by values that transcend beyond the personal self, represent the human desire to connect with a higher purpose
• Emphasises altruism and helping others achieve their potential

Question 29

What are 2 strengths of the hierachy of needs theory?

Answer 29

• Simple and easy to understand and apply
• Correlation with stages of life

Question 30

What are 3 limitations of the hierachy of needs theory?

Answer 30

• People are able to operate at higher levels even when lower levels aren’t met
• Doesn’t hold up well cross culturally (in collectivist cultures), self-esteem and security have different meanings
• Not reliable as model was based on a small sample size, individuals selected by Maslow