Motivation Flashcards
1
Q
What is motivation?
A
- The proces that initiates, guides and maintains goal oriented behaviours
- The driving force behind the actions we take to get closer to reaching our goals
2
Q
What are 4 sources of motivation?
A
- Physiological
- Cognitions
- Emotions
- Social
3
Q
Explain the physiological source of motivation
A
- Motivation that arises from the body urging you to reach a goal
- Occures due to your body needing to maintain homeostasis urging us to eat, drink, sleep, mate, survive
4
Q
Explain the cognitions source of motivation
A
- Thoughts, perceptions and understandings of the world around us will influence our motivation across all aspects of life
5
Q
Explain the emotional source of motivation
A
- Our feelings play on our motivations just as much as cognitions, meaning we can make logically questionable decisions due to our emotions
6
Q
Explain the social source of motivation
A
- Peer pressure and other social pressures can motivate us to act in ways that please our crowd and allow us to fit in
7
Q
Who made the self-determination theory
A
Deci & Ryan
8
Q
Explain the self-determination theory
A
- Focusses on the motivation behind the decisions people make
- Argues that people are motivated to grow, learn and change their lives, if their 3 baisic psychological needs are satisfied
9
Q
What are the 3 psychological needs in the self-determination theory?
A
- Autonomy
- Competence
- Relatedness
10
Q
Explain autonomy as a psychological need
A
- People need to feel in control of their own behaviours and goals
- Sense of being able to take direct action that results in a real change in ones life, allows people to feel self-determined
11
Q
Explain competence as a psychological need
A
- Individuals must feel effective in their environment
- People need to master and learn different skills, whem people feel they have the skills for success they are more likely to take action
12
Q
Explain relatedness as a psychological need
A
- People have a need to care for others and feel cared for and supported by others. A sense of belonging, attachment and connectedness
- Feeling supported by others allows us to develop motivation to make change
13
Q
What are the 3 types of motivation in the self-determination theory?
A
- Amotivation
- Extrinsic motivation
- Intrinsic motivation
14
Q
What is amotivation?
A
- Describes the lack of motivation due to feeling incompetent
- Occurs when an individual deems they are not able to complete a task, so they lose motivation to do it
- Occurs when psychological needs are not met, leading to negative psychological consequences
15
Q
What is extrinsic motivation?
A
- Occurs when people do an activity because they expect a reward or avoid punishment (due to external factors)
- Occurs when some psychologcal needs are met
16
Q
What is intrinsic motivation?
A
- Occurs when people do something because they find it interesting or enjoyable
- Impacted by the individuals attitudes and beliefs
- Occurs when all psychological needs are met
17
Q
Who theorised the hierachy of needs?
A
Maslow
18
Q
Explain the hierachy of needs theory of motivation
A
- Describes hoe motivation to self-actualise is at the core of personality development
- Humans motivated by needs arranged in a hierachy, survival needs at the bottom and creative needs at the top
- Once each need is met, people strive to reach the next need in the hierachy
19
Q
What are the 5 needs in the hierachy of needs theory from bottom to top?
A
- Physiological needs
- Safety needs
- Belongingness and love needds
- Esteem needs
- Self-actualisation
20
Q
Explain physiological needs and give some examples
A
- Biological requirements for human survival
- These will motivate our behaviour more than anything if lacking
eg. Air, food, water
21
Q
Explain safety needs and give some examples
A
- People want to experience order, predictability and control in their lives
eg. security, safety against harm
22
Q
Explain belongingness and love needs and give some examples
A
- As humans we have an emotional need for interpersonal relationships, connectedness and being part of a group
- Can override safety needs
eg. Friends, family, partners
23
Q
Explain esteem needs and give some examples
A
- Typical human desire is to be accepted and valed by others
- People usually engage in a proffession or hobby to gain recognition, giving someone a sense of contribution
- Esteem can be for ourself or ascceptance from others (independence vs status)
eg. Playing a sport to gain a sense of accomplishment
24
Q
Explain self-actualisation needs and give some examples
A
- Realisation and achievement of a persons full potential
- Most people won’t truley achieve this stage, instead temporary moments called peak experiences
- People will always look for ways to improve themselves to self-actualise
25
What 3 needs did maslow add in his expanded hierachy of needs
- Cognitive needs
- Asthetic needs
- Transcendence needs
26
Explain cognitive needs and give some examples
- Drive our pursuit for knowledge and understanding
- Meeting these needs facilitates personal growth, comprehension and deeper understanding of life
eg. strive for knowledge
27
Explain asthetic needs and give some examples
- Appreciation and persuit of art, music and other creative pieces
eg. appreciation for beauty and balance
28
Explain trabscendence needs and give some examples
- Motivated by values that transcend beyond the personal self, represent the human desire to connect with a higher purpose
- Emphasises altruism and helping others achieve their potential
29
What are 2 strengths of the hierachy of needs theory?
- Simple and easy to understand and apply
- Correlation with stages of life
30
What are 3 limitations of the hierachy of needs theory?
- People are able to operate at higher levels even when lower levels aren't met
- Doesn't hold up well cross culturally (in collectivist cultures), self-esteem and security have different meanings
- Not reliable as model was based on a small sample size, individuals selected by Maslow
