Forgetting & Remembering Flashcards
What are the 4 types of forgetting?
- Retrieval failure
- Interference
- Motivated forgetting
- Decay
Explain retrieval failure.
Inability to retrieve a certain piece of info. Memory cues that were present when the memory was formed are missing.
Explain interference.
Forgetting due to similar competing info being stored.
What are the 2 types of interference?
- Retroactive
- Proactive
What is the difference between the 2 types on interfefence?
Retroactive:
When previously learned info is interfered with due to new info (old is changed - retro)
Proactive:
When the learning of new info is interfered with due to old info (new is changed - pro)
Explain decay.
Fading over time. If neural pathways are not kept through rehearsal, they fade over time
What is recall?
When we retrieve a memory and can recognise, recall and relearn info from long term memory
What are the 3 types of recall?
- Free recall
- Serial recall
- Cued recall
What is free recall? Give an example
Recalling info with no need for order
eg. Name teachers at your school
What is serial recall? Give an example
Recalling info with a specific order
eg. In order, what classes have you had today?
What is cued recall? Give an example
Using prompts to assist recall
eg. beggining with S …?
What is recognition?
Identifying the correct info from a list of alternatives
What is re-learning?
When someone learns something they have already learned but are unable to recall. It’s easier learning things for a second time, info is retained even unconsciously.
What is rehearsal?
Repeatedly attending to info to store it for longer
What are the 2 types of rehearsal
- Maintenance rehearsal
- Elaborative rehearsal
What is maintenance rehearsal?
Deliberately repeating info to keep it in the short term memory
What is elaborative rehearsal?
Adding meaning to the information when using maintenance rehersal
What are 3 causes of memory loss?
- Trauma
- Degeneration
- Drug induced
How does trauma lead to memory loss?
Repeated trauma to the head (concussions) can lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
What is chronic traumatic encephalopathy
A fatal neurodegenerative disease associated with repeated blows to the head over a long period of time. The blows to the head dislodge the structural protein tau which forms clumps within neurons, reducing their function and leading to cell death.
What are the symptoms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy?
Symptoms progress from:
- Headaches and short-term memory deficits
- Mental health issues and increased aggression
- Cognitive impairments
- Dimentia
What is degeneration?
A slow, progressive and irreversible loss of neurons and synapses in areas of the nervous system
What are the causes, symptoms and impacts of Alzheimer’s disease?
- Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disease that mostly occurs in older people.
- Caused by amyloid plaque (building up on the outside of neurons) disrupting communication and the buildup of tau on the inside neurons, causing a lower amount of neurotransmitters involved in memory.
- Causes severe memory loss, confusion, impaired attention, disordered thinking and depression
- Impacted by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors
