Motivation Flashcards
Who defined motivation
Sage - the intensity and direction of one’s effort
What is the economic approach
Relies on assumption of perfect rationality costs/benefits
What is self-determination theory?
Deci and ryan
-General theory on what not how motivate people
- Focus on voluntary participation
-Seems that humans are growth orientated organisms who seek new learning
-Intrinsic motivation
What are the three basic psychological needs of self-determination theory?
Autonomy - people need to feel in control of their own behaviours and goals
Relatedness - belonging and attachment
Competence - mastery
What is achievement goal theory
Nicholls
- understanding the role of competence or ability
- how individuals evaluate competence and define success or failure
- dispositional factors
What are the types of orientations in achievement goal theory
Task mastery - pride in progressive improvement of knowledge and ability relative to past achievements
(Self referenced, process orientated, conductive maintaining ability)
Ego orientated - social comparison, superiority
(Current ability important, outcome orientated, non conductive maintaining perceptions competence)
Task vs ego
Effort and mastery vs ability and status
What are the low task conditions
Anxiety
Focus on winning
Disinterested
Low perceived ability
What are the high task conditions
Focus on winning and what it takes to win
Use feedback constructively
Low anxiety
High enjoyment
What are the high ego conditions
Anxiety
Focus on winning
Use feedback constructive
What are the low ego conditions
Disinterested
Low perceived ability
Low anxiety
High enjoyment
What did nicholls suggest
Individual differences
What if the environment values winning over improvement
Motivational climate - Ames
Mastery (task involving) clinate - focused on individual improvement, effort, cooperation
Performance (ego) climate - competition, mistakes are failures
What are the 6 achievement structures
Epstein
See ss
What are weiners attributions
Ability
Effort
Task difficulty
Luck
=locus of causality/ stability
