Motivation

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

The reason a person acts or behaves in a certain way

What are some things that motivate people? What are some things that motivate you?

Question 2

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 2

Behaviour that is driven by external rewards/ punishments

Money, fame, grades, praise OR loss of money, infamy, criticism

Question 3

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 3

behaviour that is driven by internal rewards/ punishment

Curiosity, challenge, control, competition, love OR shame, fear

Question 4

Pay for Performance

Answer 4

Also known as merit pay

This method recognizes and reinforces high performers while reminding low performers to improve

Difficulty is finding effective performance measures

Question 5

Pay for Knowledge

Answer 5

Skills based pay rewords workers according to the number of job-relevant skills they master
Can also apply to cross training

Question 6

Bonus Pay

Answer 6

One time payment based on specific performance targets

Question 7

Profit Sharing/ Stock Ownership

Answer 7

All options distribute company profits and ownership to employees as a reward for their good work

Question 8

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 8

Clearly identify desired work behaviours

Maintain diverse inventory of rewards

Clearly outline how rewards can be obtained

Question 9

Punishment

Answer 9

Tell the person what is being done wrong as well as what they are doing right

Ensure punishments match behaviour

Administer the punishment in private

Question 10

Deficit principle

Answer 10

A satisfied need is not a motivator of behaviour

Question 11

Progression principle

Answer 11

A need becomes a motivator once the preceding lower-level needs is satisfied

Question 12

How Maslow’s Theory relates to the workplace

Answer 12

Physiological
Safety
Social
Esteem
Self-actualization

Question 13

Physiological

Answer 13

Rest and refreshment breaks

Physical comfort on the job

Reasonable work hours

Question 14

Safety

Answer 14

Safe working conditions

Job security

Compensation and benefits

Question 15

Social

Answer 15

Friendly coworkers

Positive interactions with customers

Positive interaction with superiors

Question 16

Esteem

Answer 16

Increased responsibility

Promotion and praise from superiors

Question 17

Self-actualization

Answer 17

Self-actualization
Creative, challenging and meaningful work
Participation in decision making
Job flexibility and autonomy

Question 18

Herzberg – Two factor Theory

Answer 18

Splits job satisfaction into 2 categories

Satisfier Factors 🡪 linked with job content

Hygiene Factors 🡪 dissatisfaction with job setting

Question 19

McClelland – Acquired Needs Theory

Answer 19

Used Thematic Appreciation Test to determine people’s needs

Show pictures and get them to write stories about what they see to identify their needs

Question 20

Three types of acquired needs

Answer 20

Need for achievement 🡪 desire to do something better, to solve problems, or to master complex tasks

Need for power 🡪 desire to control, or be responsible for other people

Need for affiliation 🡪 desire to establish and maintain good relations with people

Question 21

ERG Theory: Clayton Alderfer

Built on Maslow’s work, consolidated into 3 categories

Answer 21

Existence needs 🡪 physiological and material well being
Relatedness needs 🡪 satisfying interpersonal relationships
Growth needs 🡪 growth and development

Frustration- Regression principle: When a higher level need cannot be satisfied a lower level need becomes “re-activated”