Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation

A

inner state that guides and drives human behavior

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2
Q

Emotions

A

Feelings that are usually accompanied by physiological arousal, cognitive interpretations and related behavioral responses

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3
Q

Instinct Theory

A

argues that organisms are preprogrammed to engage is behaviors to ensure survival and reproduction

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4
Q

Drive Reduction Theory

A

based on the premise that organisms seek to obtain some basic biological need that is lacking

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5
Q

Homeostatic - Regulation Theory

A

takes Drive - Reduction Theory a step further by suggesting that organisms are driven to maintain a steady and balanced internal state. according to this view, the body constantly monitors temperature and nutrient levels

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6
Q

Arousal Theory

A

argues that individuals are often motivated by a desire to either maintain or increase their level of stimulation or excitement

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7
Q

Incentive Theory

A

proposes that individuals are motivated by a desire to obtain external incentives such as money, affection, and grades
• these are also called secondary drives (non-biological)

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8
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

engage in behavior for their OWN enjoyment

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9
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

engage in behavior for external rewards / to avoid punishment

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10
Q

Achievement Motivation

A

argues that individuals are motivated by a desire to accomplish tasks and to excel

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11
Q

Instinct Theory

A

states that motivations is based on instincts which are fixed, automatic, innate (born with) responses

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12
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

created the Hierarchy of Needs

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13
Q

Hierarchy of Needs

A
  1. Physiological needs: water, food, sleep (primary drives)
  2. Safety needs: secure
  3. Love needs: being wanted
  4. Esteem needs: need for achievement
  5. Cognitive needs: pursuit of knowledge
  6. Self-actualization: being able to recognize your fullest potential, which is only reached after going through all levels of the Hierarchy of Needs
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14
Q

Theory X

A

Suggests that workers are basically lazy and needs to be extrinsically motivated

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15
Q

Theory Y

A

Assumes that workers need to be challenged and as a result intrinsically motivated

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16
Q

Glucose

A

Sugar that the body uses for energy

17
Q

CCK

A

a hormone responsible for indicating fullness during a meal

18
Q

Satiation

A

to be full

19
Q

Orexin

A

a hormone that triggers hunger

20
Q

Set Point Theory

A

states that homeostasis monitors and maintains internal body conditions, including body weight
• a persons ideal weight

21
Q

BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)

A

the rate at which your body conserves and burns off calories

22
Q

BMI (Body Mass Index)

A

the measure of a person’s weight in proportions to their height
• obese: 30

23
Q

Anorexia

A

eating disorder characterized by a dramatic drop in calories consumed and an obsession with exercise

24
Q

Bulimia

A

eating disorder characterized by periods of binging (eating large amounts of food) and purging (getting rid of consumed food by intentional vomiting or use of laxatives)

25
Q

Emotion

A

the experience of feelings

26
Q

James - Lange Theory

A

Emotion is the result of the interpretation of body fluctuations
• kind of like a cause and effect relationship
ex: Sally was in a car accident. Sally’s heart then started racing and THEN she experienced fear as a result of her heart beating faster
basically: body fluctuations => emotions

27
Q

Cannon - Bard Theory

A

Emotions are the result of simultaneous change within the body and the brains interpretation of the stimulus
basically: body change AND brain interpretation => emotion

28
Q

Two - Factor Theory

A

Emotion is the result of a physiological change in the body and a cognitive label that one provides to explain why there is a physiological change
basically: body change + a cognitive label for the change => emotion

29
Q

Stress

A

a negative emotional state in response to circumstances that exceed a persons ability to control them

30
Q

Approach - Approach Conflict

A

when a person has to make a decision between two appealing choices

31
Q

Avoidance - Avoidance Conflict

A

when a person has to make a decision between two unappealing choices

32
Q

Approach - Avoidance Conflict

A

when a person has to make a choice that has both appealing and unappealing features
• this is considered the most stressful type of conflict

33
Q

Multiple - Approach Avoidance

A

when two choices have both positive and negative points

34
Q

Hans Seyle

A

a researcher who studies the effects of prolonged stress

35
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

identifies physical changes that occur through continued exposure to stress. Seyle described this process as a series of three stages

36
Q

Alarm Stage

A

intense body arousal occurs as a threat of a stressor is interpreted

37
Q

Resistive Stage

A

the body attempts to adjust to intense arousal triggered in the alarm stage

38
Q

Exhaustive Stage

A

if the stressor continues to arouse the body, the body becomes exhausted, which can lead to illness, mental exhaustion, and, in extreme cases, death