Biology

Question 1

cells

Answer 1

the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms

Question 2

neurons

Answer 2

specific specialized cells that send + receive motor messages that tell us to do simple things like walk and blink

Question 3

dendrites

Answer 3

receive info from other neurons

Question 4

axons

Answer 4

sends (transmits) impulse to other neurons

Question 5

glial cells

Answer 5

remove dead neurons and waste products from nervous system

Question 6

myelin sheath

Answer 6

covers the axon, helps speed communication

Question 7

all-or-more-principle

Answer 7

neurons fire or they don’t

Question 8

refractory period

Answer 8

time of recovery where messages from neurons will not fire (recovery is short)
• rests at a 70 charge

Question 9

synapse

Answer 9

space between neurons

Question 10

neurotransmitters

Answer 10

the chemical keys to communication

Question 11

nervous system

Answer 11

two main divisions are the CNS and PNS:
• CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord
• PNS is divided into two categories: the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 12

somatic nervous system

Answer 12

controls voluntary muscle movements

Question 13

autonomic nervous system

Answer 13

controls our automatic functions like our heart, lungs, glands, etc

Question 14

sympathetic system

Answer 14

mobilizes our body to respond to stress
(alert system)

Question 15

parasympathetic system

Answer 15

shows down the body (brake pedal)

Question 16

hypothalamus

Answer 16

(in forebrain) known as “the master gland” + controls the pituitary gland

Question 17

Pituitary

Answer 17

regulates the production and distribution of all glands and hormones throughout the body

Question 18

sensation

Answer 18

process of sensing our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell

Question 19

perception

Answer 19

the way we interpret these sensations and therefore make sense of everything around us

Question 20

frontal lobe

Answer 20

responsibly for decision making, problem solving, reasoning and emotional control

Question 21

occipital lobe

Answer 21

responsible for vision

Question 22

parietal lobe

Answer 22

responsible for touch, smell, and motor coordination

Question 23

temporal lobe

Answer 23

responsible for hearing and language

Question 24

broca’s area

Answer 24

controls muscles involved in speech

Question 25

wernicke’s area

Answer 25

interprets written and spoken language

Question 26

forebrain

Answer 26

responsible for complex behaviors and mental abilities

Question 27

medulla

Answer 27

controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 28

sensory neurons

Answer 28

sense info from the environment (peripheral nervous system)

Question 29

interneurons

Answer 29

neurons that communicate within the central nervous system

Question 30

motor neurons

Answer 30

carry info out to muscles and glands, causing **movement**

Question 31

CAT scan

Answer 31

x-ray photographs of the brain; only shows brain structure

Question 32

EEG

Answer 32

measures electrical activity of the brain; generally used for sleep research to identify stages of sleep and dreaming

Question 33

MRI

Answer 33

similar to a CAT scan but with different technology to create more detailed images

Question 34

PET scan

Answer 34

shows how much of a certain chemical (ex: glucose) parts of the brain are using

Question 35

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 35

fairly new technology that combines elements of an MRI and a PET scan (brain structure + blood flow)