Conditioning Flashcards
who’s the fucker who created classical conditioning? (ez)
Ivan Pavlov ☝️🤓
Classical Conditioning
associations made between a natural stimulus and a learned, neutral stimulus
Learning
permanent change in behavior that results from experience
• principle of classical conditioning
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
a stimulus that does not initially elicit a response
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCR)
an event that leads to a certain, predictable response without previous training
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
reaction that occurs naturally/ automatically when the UCS is presented
basically: natural reaction to a stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
neutral event that, after training, leads to a response
Conditioned Response (CR)
the learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus
Extinction (not for dinosaurs)
when the conditioned response no longer elicit the conditioned response
Spontaneous Recovery
after a conditioned response has been extinguished, the responses can briefly reappear when it reappears
Stimulus Generalization
the tendency to respond to a similar conditioned stimuli
Stimulus Discrimination
the ability to respond only to specific stimuli instead of similar stimuli
Aversive Learning
conditioning an organism to have an aversive (dislike) response to conditioned stimulus
Second-Order (Higher Order) Conditioning
Pavlov paired a bell with a flash of light. After a few pairings, the light alone would make the dog salivate
Systematic Desensitization
exposing the patient to a series of approximations to the anxiety-producing stimulus under relaxed conditions until finally the anxiety reaction is extinguished
Flooding
continuously exposing an individual to the fear-evoking conditioned stimulus to eliminate the conditioned response (fear)
Fixed Ratio
reinforcement is provided after a set number of the correct responses are performed
Variable Ratio
reinforcement is provided after a varying number of correct responses
Fixed Interval
reinforcement is provided after the first desired response after a set amount of time has elapsed
Variable Interval
reinforcement is provided after the first desired response after a varying amount of time has elapsed
Continuous Reinforcement
rewarding the behavior each time it is correctly performed. It works best with new behaviors
Partial Reinforcement
Once the behavior is learned, it is best to reinforce the behavior every once in a while (on a variable schedule)
Escape Learning
allows one to terminate an aversive stimulus. If you hate psychology class, you will learn that acting out may get you removed from the class and sent to the dean’s office
Avoidance Learning
you hate psychology class so you simply learn to cut it
Operant Conditioning
A type of learning based on the association of consequences with one’s behaviors (term coined B.F. Skinner)
Thomdike’s Law of Effect
If the consequences are pleasant, the likelihood of the behavior will increase + vise versa
Primary Reinforcers
Satisfies biological necessities and are needed for survival
(ex: food, water, sex)
Secondary Reinforcers
Not so necessary for survival, but are nice to have
(ex: money, praise, good grades)
Reinforcement
Involves the use of consequences to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring again (behavior increases)
Positive Reinforcement
Addition of something pleasant
Negative Reinforcement
Removal of something unpleasant
Punishment
Anything that makes a behavior less likely (behavior decreases)
Positive Punishment
Addition of something unpleasant
Negative Punishment
Removal of something pleasant
