Conditioning

Question 1

who’s the fucker who created classical conditioning? (ez)

Answer 1

Ivan Pavlov ☝️🤓

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

associations made between a natural stimulus and a learned, neutral stimulus

Question 3

Learning

Answer 3

permanent change in behavior that results from experience
• principle of classical conditioning

Question 4

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Answer 4

a stimulus that does not initially elicit a response

Question 5

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCR)

Answer 5

an event that leads to a certain, predictable response without previous training

Question 6

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Answer 6

reaction that occurs naturally/ automatically when the UCS is presented
basically: natural reaction to a stimulus

Question 7

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 7

neutral event that, after training, leads to a response

Question 8

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 8

the learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus

Question 9

Extinction (not for dinosaurs)

Answer 9

when the conditioned response no longer elicit the conditioned response

Question 10

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 10

after a conditioned response has been extinguished, the responses can briefly reappear when it reappears

Question 11

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 11

the tendency to respond to a similar conditioned stimuli

Question 12

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 12

the ability to respond only to specific stimuli instead of similar stimuli

Question 13

Aversive Learning

Answer 13

conditioning an organism to have an aversive (dislike) response to conditioned stimulus

Question 14

Second-Order (Higher Order) Conditioning

Answer 14

Pavlov paired a bell with a flash of light. After a few pairings, the light alone would make the dog salivate

Question 15

Systematic Desensitization

Answer 15

exposing the patient to a series of approximations to the anxiety-producing stimulus under relaxed conditions until finally the anxiety reaction is extinguished

Question 16

Flooding

Answer 16

continuously exposing an individual to the fear-evoking conditioned stimulus to eliminate the conditioned response (fear)

Question 17

Fixed Ratio

Answer 17

reinforcement is provided after a set number of the correct responses are performed

Question 18

Variable Ratio

Answer 18

reinforcement is provided after a varying number of correct responses

Question 19

Fixed Interval

Answer 19

reinforcement is provided after the first desired response after a set amount of time has elapsed

Question 20

Variable Interval

Answer 20

reinforcement is provided after the first desired response after a varying amount of time has elapsed

Question 21

Continuous Reinforcement

Answer 21

rewarding the behavior each time it is correctly performed. It works best with new behaviors

Question 22

Partial Reinforcement

Answer 22

Once the behavior is learned, it is best to reinforce the behavior every once in a while (on a variable schedule)

Question 23

Escape Learning

Answer 23

allows one to terminate an aversive stimulus. If you hate psychology class, you will learn that acting out may get you removed from the class and sent to the dean’s office

Question 24

Avoidance Learning

Answer 24

you hate psychology class so you simply learn to cut it

Question 25

Operant Conditioning

Answer 25

A type of learning based on the association of consequences with one’s behaviors (term coined B.F. Skinner)

Question 26

Thomdike’s Law of Effect

Answer 26

If the consequences are pleasant, the likelihood of the behavior will increase + vise versa

Question 27

Primary Reinforcers

Answer 27

Satisfies biological necessities and are needed for survival
(ex: food, water, sex)

Question 28

Secondary Reinforcers

Answer 28

Not so necessary for survival, but are nice to have
(ex: money, praise, good grades)

Question 29

Reinforcement

Answer 29

Involves the use of consequences to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring again (behavior increases)

Question 30

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 30

Addition of something pleasant

Question 31

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 31

Removal of something unpleasant

Question 32

Punishment

Answer 32

Anything that makes a behavior less likely (behavior decreases)

Question 33

Positive Punishment

Answer 33

Addition of something unpleasant

Question 34

Negative Punishment

Answer 34

Removal of something pleasant