Motivating and Rewarding Employees Flashcards
What’s motivation?
Process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed and sustained towards attaining a goal.
What are the three key elements for motivation?
Energy, directed effort and persistence.
Explain and compare the early theories of motivation.
Abraham Maslow Theory: within every person is a hierarchy of five main needs - Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem and Self-Actualization.
McGregor’s theory X and Y: theory X is the negative view and Y is the positive view, X- Little Ambition, Dislike Work, Avoid Responsability; Y- Enjoy Work, Seek and Accept Responsability, Exercise Self-Direction.
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory or Motivation-Hygiene Theory: instrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, while external factors are associated with job dissatisfaction. Herzberg suggested emphasizing motivators (instrinsic factors) to motivate people.
McClelland’s Three-Needs Theory: three not innate needs are major motives in work- Need for Achievement, Need for Power and Need for Affiliation.
Explain and compare the contemporary theories of motivation.
Goal-Setting Theory: specific goal increase performance and difficult goals can result in higher performance than easy ones. But there are three contingences that also influence goal-performance- Goal Commitment, Self-Efficacy, National Culture.
Job Characteristics Model: any job can be described in terms of the following five core job dimensions- Skill Variety, Task Identity, Tast Significance, Autonomy, Feedback.
Job Design and Motivation: way tasks are combined to form complete jobs, internal rewards are obtained wheh nan employee learns that they personally have performed well on a task they care about.
Equity Theory Relationships: this theory says that employees perceive what they get from a job situations (outcomes) in relation to what they put into it (inputs) and then compare their input-outcome ration with the input-outcome ration of others.
Expectancy Theory: individuals tend to act in a certain way based o nthe expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. How are individuals motivated- Expectancy or Effort-Performance, Instrumentality or Performance-Reward, Valence or Attractiveness of Reward.
Integrating Motivation Theories: there’s a tendence to view the motivation theories independently even though many of the ideas underlying the theories are complementary. Mix of all the other theories making them better together.
Enumerate current issues in motivating employees.
Studies are influenced by some specificant workplace issues, uncertain economies are challenging managers to be more motivating, managers have to have different motivation programs depending on individuals culture (some cultures are more efficient then others)
What can managers do to satisfy a diverse workforce?
1.Know their workforce, what they need and expect
2. Pay-for-performance
3. Low-cost Reward Programs
4. Keep communication open
5. Give employee recognition
6. Have an Open-book Management
