Managing Change and Innovation Flashcards
What’s organizational change?
Alteration of an organization’s environment, structure, technology or people.
Enumerate the external factors that create the need for organizational change.
- Marketplace
- Government laws and regulations
- Technology
- Fluctuations in labor markets
- Economic changes
Enumerate the internal factors that create the need for organizational change.
- Redefining or modifying strategies
- Shift in the composition of the workforce
- Employee attitudes, like increase in job dissatisfaction
People who acts as catalyst and assume responsability for managing the change process, can be a manager, internal staff specialist or outside consultant.
Change Agent
What is the Calm Waters Change?
A theory created by Kurt Lewin that sees the organization as “a large ship crossing a calm sea”. According to him, successful change requires unfreezing the status quo, changing to a new state and refreezing the new change to make it permanent.
What is the White-Water Rapids Change
This theory sees the organization as “a small raft navigating a raging river with uninterrupted white-water rapids”. It takes in consideration that environments are both uncertain and dynamic, and. In this theory change is the status quo and managing change is a continual process.
What is OD and what types do you know?
The acronym stands for organization development and it’s any organizational activity that assists with implementing planned change. The most popular OD are survey feedback, process consultation, team-building and intergroup development.
What are the possible reasons for a individual to resist to change?
- Uncertainty
- Habit
- Concern over personal loss
- Belief change is not in organization’s best interests
Enumerate the techniques against restistance to change you know.
- Education and Communication
- Participation
- Facilitation and Support
- Negotiation
- Manipulation and Co-potation
- Coercion
What is the principal reaction to change?
Stress
What are the principal causes of stress?
- Job related stress- Task demands, role demands, interpersonal demands, organization structure and organizational leadership.
- Personal related stress- Personal problems from outside of work and employee personality.
Explain the differences between the two personality types.
Type A Personality- Chronic sense of time urgency, excessive competitive drive and difficulty accepting and enjoying leisure time.
Type B Personality- Never suffer from time urgency and/or impantience.
How can managers reduce their employees’ stress?
Employee assistance and wellness programs, improve organizational communications, use MBO to clarify job resposabilities and provide realistic job preview.
What’s the difference between creativity and innovation?
Creativity is the ability to produce new and useful things while innovation is the process of taking a creative idea and turnin it into something actually useful (maybe replacing something obsolete).
What are the four steps of innovation?
- Perception
- Incubation
- Inspiration
- Innovation
