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Physics IGCSE > Motion and Forces > Flashcards

Motion and Forces Flashcards

1
Q

what does it mean if the line is steep on a distance time graph

A

the greater the steepness the greater the speed of the object

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2
Q

examples of forces

A

weight
lift
electrostatic
tension
friction
thrust
magnestic
drag
contact
upthrust

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3
Q

what is a resultant force (and how do you calculate it)

A

if more than one force acts on an object you have to calculate the resultant force
(bigger force - smaller force = resultant force)
AND SAY THE DIRECTION

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4
Q

what happens if the resulant force is in the same direction as the object

A

the object will accelerate

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5
Q

what happens if the resultant force is in the opposite direction to the object

A

the object will decelerate

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6
Q

what happens if the resultant force is zero

A

the object will be stationary or moving at a contant speed

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7
Q

what is terminal velocity

A

The maximum speed of an object, reached when the forces moving the object are balanced by its frictional forces.

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8
Q

what is a scalar

A

a quantity that just has a size

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9
Q

what is a vector

A

a quantity which has size and direction

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10
Q

How can we tell Hooke’s law on a graph

A

on a force extension graph is the line is straight through 0 then the object is obeying the law

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11
Q

what does it mean if an object has elasticity

A

the object returns to its original shape after the force is removed

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12
Q

what are ways that force can affect the object that it is being applied on

A

change in shape
change in speed
change in direction

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13
Q

what is the equation between
stopping distance
breaking distance
thinking distance
of a car while it is stopping

A

stopping distance = thinking distance + breaking distance

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14
Q

what is the thinking distance

A

the distance the vehicle travels in the time it takes for th driver to apply the breaks after realising they need to stop

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15
Q

what are things that affect thinking distance

A

drugs, alcohol, distractions and tiredness

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16
Q

what is breaking distnace

A

the distance that an object travels from the time when the breaks are applied to the time when it comes to a complete stop

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17
Q

what factors affect breaking distance

A

speed of the vehicle, road conditions, weight of the vehicle, and slippery roads

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18
Q

what are safety features in roads

A

roundabouts
narrow lanes
speed bumps
traffic lights
stop signs
speed limits

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19
Q

what are safety features in cars

A

airbags
seatbelts
cruise control
headlights
breaklights
parking sound assists

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20
Q

what are many injuries in vehicle collisions and sporting injuries due to

A

the rapid acceleration of the body (they stop very quickly)

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21
Q

what can you do to the momentum to help improve the injury

A

by spreading the change in momentum over a longer time it recudes the force required to act which reduces the injury

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22
Q

explain how the seatbelt protects

A

it stretches so it increases the time to come to a stop

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23
Q

explain how a crumple zone protects

A

parts of the car are desgined to collapse so the car takes longer to stop moving

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24
Q

what is the conservation of momentum

A

total momentum before = total momentum after

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25
what is a lever
an object rotating or trying to rotate
26
what is a pivot
the point around which the lever is rotating or trying to rotate
27
what is a moment
the turning effect of a force about a pivot
28
what is the principle of moments
clockwise moment = anticlockwise moment
29
what is the centre of gravity
the point in an object where all of the wright appears to act
30
how do you find the centre of gravity
if an object is placed such that it's centre of gracity is on top of a pivot, the object will be balanced
31
why will the object be balanced when you find its centre of gravity
the perpendicular distance between theweight of the object and the pivot will be zero
32
what kind of quality is a force
vector
33
why do falling objects reach terminal velocity
the force of air resistance become large enough to blance the force of gravity
34
what is an investigation to investigate motion
a paper cone a tennis ball
35
what is the aim to investigate motion
to investigate the motion of some every objects
36
what are the variables in investigating motion
independent - distance dependent - time control - use the same object for each measurement
37
what is the equipments needed to investigate motion
paper cone stop clock metre ruler
38
method for investigating motion
measure a high of 1.0m using the meter ruler drop the object from this high (this will be the distance travelled) use the stop clock to measure how long the object takes to travel the distance record the distance and repeat steps for diferent hights then calculate the speed
39
features of velocity time graphs
gradient = acceleration flat sections means steady speed the steeper the graph the greater the acceleration or deceleration uphill means acceleration downhill means deceleration curve means changing acceleration
40
what does the area under a velocity time graph show
it is equal to the distance traveled in that time interval
41
how do you find acceleration on a V-T graph
vertical/horizontal
42
describe friction
if an object has no force accelerating it along then it will always slow down due to friction this is because friction is a force that opposes motion
43
3 ways where friction happens
between solid surfaces between solid surfaces sliding past each other resistance or "drag" from fluids
44
what is static friction
when solid surfaces are gripping
45
what is sliding friction
sliding surfaces sliding past each other can be reduced
46
what is resistance from fluid friction
A force opposing an object's direction of motion through liquid
47
draw the forces acting on a moving car
48
what is gravity/weight
the force acting on an object due to gravity
49
what is electrostatic force
the force between 2 charged objects
50
what is thrust
Thrust is a force produced by an engine that speeds up the motion of an object
51
what is drag
Drag force is a type of frictional force that occurs when an object moves through a fluid
52
what is reaction force
the force that the object reacts back with
53
what is air resistance
Air resistance is a specific type of drag force and is therefore also a frictional force Air resistance occurs when particles of air collide with an object moving through it and slows its motion
54
what is upthrust
When an object is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts an upward-acting push force on the object
55
what is the investigation for hookes law with a spring
using a spring and masses
56
how to set up the investigation for hookes law with a spring
57
method for investigating hookes law with a spring
Align the marker to a value on the ruler with no mass added, and record this initial length of the spring / rubber band Add the 100 g mass hanger onto the spring / rubber band Record the mass (in kg) and position (in cm) from the ruler now that the spring / rubber band has extended Add another 100 g to the mass hanger Record the new mass and position from the ruler now that the spring / rubber band has extended further Repeat this process until all masses have been added Remove the masses and repeat the entire process again, until it has been carried out a total of three times, and an average length (for each mass attached) is calculated
58
what is elastic behavior
Elastic behaviour is the ability of a material to recover original shape after the force is removed.
59
what is newtons 1st law
balanced forces mean no change in velocity
60
what is newtons 2nd law
unbalanced forces when a unbalanced force acts on an object it accelerates
61
what is newtons 3rd law
reaction forces if an object exerts a force on another object there will be an equal and opposite force
62
when does an object reach terminal velocity
Eventually, the frictional force acting on the ball will become equal to the weight of the ball.
63
what does hookes law look like when the force is great enough
64
what is resistance measured in
ohms

Physics IGCSE (9 decks)

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