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Physics IGCSE > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

what does it mean is the charge is fast

A

there is a large electrical current

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2
Q

what carries the charge in metals and what is produced

A

the electrons which produce an electric current

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3
Q

what is current like in a series circuit

A

the same at all point

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4
Q

what is voltage like in a series circuit

A

it is shared between the components

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5
Q

advantages and disadvantages of series circuits

A

advantages - requires fewer wires

disadvantages - if a fault occurs the whole circuit stops working

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6
Q

what is current like in a parallel circuit

A

the loop adds up to the total current from the supply

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7
Q

what is voltage like in parallel circuits

A

the same across each loop

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8
Q

advantages and disadvantages of parallel circuits

A

advantages - each loop can be controlled seperatley and if one stops working the rest still work

disadvantages - they are more complicated to construct

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9
Q

how do you calculate the total resistance when the resistors are connected

A

adding the value of the individual resistors

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10
Q

what is current

A

the rate of flow of charge at a point in the circuit

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11
Q

how is current measured and where is it connected

A

with an ammeter in series

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12
Q

what is voltage

A

the amount of energy transferred between two points in a circuit

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13
Q

what is resistance

A

the opposition to the flow of current

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14
Q

what happens to the resistance of the LDR as the light gets brighter

A

the resistance decreases

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15
Q

what happens to the resistance of the thermistor as the temperature increases

A

the resistance decreases

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16
Q

does a thermistor’s and LDR’sresistance follow a linear pattern?

A

no becuase as the temperature increases the rate of decrease of resistance falls

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17
Q

what sizes do fuses come in

A

3A, 5A and 13A

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18
Q

what should you do when picking a fuse and why

A

the smallest one which won’t melt
This makes sure that more current doesn’t keep flowing through the circuit and causing more damage to the equipment, or, causing a fire

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19
Q

what is circuit breaker

A

an electromagnetic switch which is a safety device

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20
Q

what does a circuit breaker do

A

breaks the circuit if the current rises over a certain value

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21
Q

what do many appliences have as a insultor

A

plastic casings

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22
Q

what does double insulation mean and why does it help with safety

A

all parts of the appliance are insulated in plastic
if a human were to touch the live wire then they could become electrocuted

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23
Q

how can electrical energy be supplied

A

by plugging into a main (power supply, battery or cell)

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24
Q

what does d.c current stand for

A

direct current

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25
Q

what does a.c current stand for

A

alternating current

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26
Q

what is d.c current

A

a d.c supply produces a charge through a circuit in one direction

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27
Q

what is a.c current

A

an a.c supply produces a flow of charge that regularley reverses its direction

28
Q

what is static electricity

A

involves the transfer of electric charges between objects. In electrostatic phenomena, objects become charged through electron transfer by friction, contact, or induction

29
Q

what charges are ALWAYS fixed in static electricity

A

the positive charges

30
Q

what is an example of static electricity

A

balloon sticking to the wall

31
Q

what are uses of electrostatic chrages

A

paint sprayer
inkjet printers
photocopiers
electrostatic filters

32
Q

what are examples of dangers of electrostatic charge

A

lightning
fueling aircraft

33
Q

what can LED’s be used for

A

to indicate the presence of current in a circuit

34
Q

how does current flow

A

from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a cell

35
Q

why are metals used as wires

A

because metal is a good conductor of electrical current

36
Q

why is current conserved at a junction

A

becuase charge is always conserved

37
Q

what is a fuse

A

a thin peice of whire which overheats and melts if the current is too high which pretects the circuit

38
Q

what do earth wires do

A

provide a safe route for current to flow through in case of a short circuit

39
Q

why is double insulation good

A

it compleately covers the appliances electrical components so the earth wire cannot touch the metal casing

40
Q

what does it mean to charge a body

A

adding, removing of electrons creating ions

41
Q

what do metals do

A

conduct and allow electrons to flow through them

42
Q

what do insulators do

A

slow down the flow of electrons

43
Q

explain an experiment for static electricity between 2 insulators

A

when 2 insulators are rubbed together the friction causes electrons to move from one to the other and they become charged
for example a rod with a cloth

44
Q

what are the 3 wires in a plug

A

live, neutral and earth

45
Q

how does a current in a resistor result in the electrical transfer of energy and an increase in temperature

A

when there is an electrical current in a resistor there is an energy transfer
this is becuase electrons collide with the ions which gives the ions energy so they heat up
the heating effect increses the resistors resistance
the heating effect can be used to heat something up

46
Q

domestic examples of when a resistor gets hot when a electric current passes through

A

toasters - contain coils of wire with really high resistance
when the current passes through the coil the temperature increases and give off infered radiation

Electric kettles- the heating element is placed at the bottom of the kettle
The heat is then absorbed by water and distributed throughout the whole liquid by convection

47
Q

what are examples of mains which produce d.c current

A

cells and batteries

48
Q

what are examples of mains which produce a.c current

A

Produced by electrical generators i.e. mains electricity

49
Q

what terminals do ac and dc current have

A

a.c has 2 identical terminals
d.c has positive and negative terminals

50
Q

why is parallel more appropiate for domestic lighting

A

each light switch in you house is part of a branch of a parallel circuit. it just turns one light (or one set of lights) on and off

51
Q

what does the current in series depend on

A

the applied voltage
the number and nature of other components (eg bulbs)

52
Q

current - voltage graphs: what line does a metal fillament lamp have

A

curve

53
Q

current - voltage graphs: what line does a wire have

A

straight through zero

54
Q

current - voltage graphs: what line do different resistors have

A

striaght lines through zero

55
Q

current - voltage graphs: what line does a diode have

A

striaght to curve

56
Q

why do metal filament lamps have a curve graph

A

as the temperature of the metal filament increases the resistance increases

57
Q

why does a wire have a straight line through 0

A

the current through a wire is proportional to voltage (at constant temperature)

58
Q

why do different resistors have a straight line through zero

A

the current through a resistor is proportional to voltage

59
Q

why do diodes have a straight - curve line

A

current will only flow in one direction

60
Q

apparatus for investigating current voltage graphs

A

an ammeter - to measure the current through the component
a voltmeter - to measure the voltage across the component
a variable resistor - to vary the current through the circuit
a power source - to provide a source of potential difference (voltage)
wires - to connect the components together in a circuit

61
Q

what is the qualitative effect of changing resistance on the current in a circuit

A

as you increase the resistance in a circuit, the current will decrease.

62
Q

describe the qualitative variation of resistance of thermistors with temperature

A

At low temperatures, the resistance of a thermistor is high, and little current can flow through them.

At high temperatures, the resistance of a thermistor is low, and more current can flow through them.

63
Q

what is current

in a sloid mettalic conductor

A

the flow of negitivley charged electrons

64
Q

examples of conductors

A

metals - copper and silver

65
Q

how are positive and negative electrostatic charges produced on materials by the loss and gain of electrons

A

The material that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. The material that loses electrons is left with a positive charge

66
Q

what are the forces of attraction and repulsion

A

attraction between unlike charges
repulsion between like charges

Physics IGCSE (7 decks)

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