Most Commons Flashcards
Most Common Abused opioid by medical professionals
Meperidine and fentanyl
Most Common Accidental suffocation
Overlying
Most Common Adolescent hip disorder
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Most Common Adrenal tumor in adults
Pheochromocytoma
Most Common Adrenal tumor in children
Neuroblastoma
Most Common Adverse effect of ASA
Gastric upset
Most Common Adverse effect of diuretics
Hypokalemia (except K-sparing diuretics)
Most Common Affected segment in radiation enteritis
Terminal ileum
Most Common Affected type of collagen in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Type III
Most Common Age group with endometriosis
3rd and 4th decade
Most Common Aneurysm site, cerebral
Anterior communicating artery (PComm is 2nd)
Most Common Ankle injury
Inversion
Most Common Anomaly of splenic embryology
Accessory spleen
Most Common Ascending aorta aneurysm complication
Aortic insufficiency
Most Common ASD
Ostium secundum (80%)
Most Common Benign tumor of the lung
Hamartoma
Most Common Benign tumor of the rib
Osteochondroma
Most Common Biliary-enteric fistula
Gallbladder-duodenum
Most Common Bone tumor of the hand
Endochondroma
Most Common Carcinoid tumor (GI)
Appendix (2nd: Ileum)
Most Common Cardiac tumor
Metastasis
Most Common Cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy (systolic dysfunction)
Most Common Cause of acute cholecystitis
Cystic duct obstruction
Most Common Cause of acute mastitis
Staph aureus
Most Common Cause of ARF
ATN (death most common in initial oliguric phase)
Most Common Cause of ARF in children
HUS
Most Common Cause of ARF in surgical patients
Hypovolemia
Most Common Cause of aneuploidy
Meiotic nondisjunction
Most Common Cause of anuria on 1st day of life [male]
Posterior urethral valves
Most Common Cause of athlete’s foot
Trichophyton (Tinea pedis)
Most Common Cause of bloody nipple discharge
Intraductal papilloma
Most Common Cause of bowel incarceration
Femoral hernia
Most Common Cause of bowel obstruction in neonates
Hirschsprung disease
Most Common Cause of burns in civilian setting
Scalds
Most Common Cause of CAH
21-hydroxylase deficiency (90%)
Most Common Cause of chronic constrictive pericarditis
Viral infection
Most Common Cause of congenital chronic hemolytic anemia
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Most Common Cause of CPC of the liver
R-sided heart failure
Most Common Cause of CPC of the lung
L-sided heart failure / Mitral stenosis
Most Common Cause of Cushing’s syndrome
Iatrogenic (steroid treatments)
Most Common Cause of epistaxis
Nosepicking
Most Common Cause of erythema multiforme
Infectious (HSV, then Mycoplasma pneumoniae)
Most Common Cause of esophageal rupture
Iatrogenic (post-endoscopy)
Most Common Cause of [hereditary] mental retardation
Down syndrome
Most Common Cause of hereditary thrombophilia
Factor V Leiden (resistant to activated protein C); second most common is Prothrombin 20210A tranistion
Most Common Cause of hyperprolactinemia
Prolactinoma
Most Common Cause of hypertension in young men
Excessive ethanol
Most Common Cause of hypertension in young women
OCP use
Most Common Cause of hypoparathyroidism
Surgical
Most Common Cause of infectious mastitis
Staph aureus
Most Common Cause of infertility, female
Endometriosis
Most Common Cause of lower GI bleed in pts >40
Diverticulosis
Most Common Cause of mycotic aneurysm
Treponema pallidum
Most Common Cause of non-gonococcal urethritis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Most Common Cause of osteomyelitis
Staphylococcus (in HbS patients, Salmonella, in IV drug users, Pseudomonas)
Most Common Cause of otitis externa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Most Common Cause of otitis media
Strep pneumo, then H. influenzae, Moraxella sp.
Most Common Cause of nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Membranous GN
Most Common Cause of nephrotic syndrome (children)
Minimal change disease
Most Common Cause of preventable blindness worldwide
Chlamydia trachomatis (trachoma)
Most Common Cause of persistent jaundice in infancy
Biliary atresia
Most Common Cause of poor wound healing
Tissue hypoxia
Most Common Cause of primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome
Most Common Cause of prostatitis in young adult males
Chlamydia trachomatis
Most Common Cause of pneumaturia
Bladder-GI fistula; usually in diverticulitis
Most Common Cause of postpartum hemorrhage
Uterine atony
Most Common Cause of pulmonary hypoplasia
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (more commonly L)
Most Common Cause of pyogenic osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients
Salmonella
Most Common Cause of retrograde menstruation (anomaly)
Imperforate hymen
Most Common Cause of SAH
Trauma (1st Aid CK) / Berry aneurysm
Most Common Cause of secondary amenorrhea
Pregnancy
Most Common Cause of septic arthritis in children <2 yrs
H. influenza
Most Common Cause of skin graft loss
Hematoma/seroma formation
Most Common Cause of testicular pain over 12 years old
Testicular torsion
Most Common Cause of testicular pain 2-11 yrs
Torsion of appendix testes
Most Common Cause of vulvar pruritus
Candidal vulvovaginitis
Most Common Cerebral hemorrhage [syndrome]
Putaminal hemorrhage
Most Common Cervical disc herniation level
C6-C7 (wrist drop)
Most Common Childhood supratentorial tumor
Craniopharyngioma
Most Common Chromosomal disorder
Down syndrome
Most Common Clonality marker
HUMARA
Most Common Colon CA
AdenoCA
Most Common Colon polyp
Benign hyperplastic hamartoma (90%)
Most Common Compound fracture site
Tibia (middle-lower junction)
Most Common Congenital GI tract anomaly
Meckel’s diverticulum
Most Common Congenital pancytopenia
Fanconi anemia
Most Common Cystic lesion of mediastinum
Bronchogenic cyst
Most Common Diaphragmatic hernia
Sliding hiatal hernia
Most Common Direction of nucleus pulposus herniation
Posterolateral
Most Common Direction of testicular torsion
Medial
Most Common Dislocated wrist bone
Lunate
Most Common Disorder of sexual differentiation in boys
Undescended testes
Most Common Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Type IV
Most Common Endometrial CA
Pure endometrial CA
Most Common Esophageal atresia (type)
Type C (EA with distal TEF), then A, then E
Most Common Fractured wrist bone
Scaphoid
Most Common Gallbladder anomaly
Folded fundus
Most Common Gallstone
Pigment (worldwide)
Most Common Glucocorticoid in cancer therapy
Prednisone
Most Common Glycosaminoglycan in vitreous
Hyaluronic acid
Most Common Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial CA
Most Common Hemolytic transfusion reaction sign
Oliguria and hemoglobinuria
Most Common Hereditary bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand disease
Most Common Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing
Most Common Iatrogenically injured nerve
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
Most Common ICA nonatherosclerotic disease
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Most Common Infection following renal transplant
CMV (viral infection)
Most Common Inguinal hernia
Indirect (2:1)
Most Common Inherited B-cell defect
Isolated IgA deficiency
Most Common Inherited hemolytic anemia
Hereditary spherocytosis (1st Aid CK)
Most Common Inherited risk factor for peripheral vasc disease
Elevated lipoprotein A
Most Common Injured major joint in the body
Ankle
Most Common Injured nerve in lower limb
Common fibular (foot-drop)
Most Common Intrinsic platelet defect
Storage pool disease
Most Common Involved lobe in amebic liver abscess
R lobe
Most Common Liver pathogens
E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus
Most Common Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher’s disease
Most Common Malignancy associated with erythroderma
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Most Common Malignancy associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Most Common Malignancy in atomic blast survivors
AML and CML
Most Common Malignancy in children
ALL
Most Common Malignancy in chronic immunosuppression
Squamous cell CA (then PTLD)
Most Common Malignancy in radiologists
AML and skin CA
Most Common Malignancy of the palate
SCCA and minor salivary gland tumors
Most Common Malignant melanoma
Superfical spreading melanoma
Most Common Metastasis of Lung CA
Adrenals
Most Common Mineral deficiency in TPN
Zinc
Most Common Neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum in adults
Thymoma
Most Common Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Follicular (small cleaved cell); t (14;18; bcl-2)
Most Common Omental tumor
Metastatic CA
Most Common Ovarian CA
Germinal epithelium
Most Common Ovarian malignancy dx during pregnancy
Dysgerminoma (analogous to seminoma)
Most Common Pancreatic endocrine neoplasm
Insulinoma
Most Common PAOD etiology
Atherosclerosis (at femoral a. near adductor hiatus)
Most Common Pathologic parasitic infection in humans
Giardiasis
Most Common Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma
Most Common Post-splenectomy sepsis organisms
S. pneumo, H. influenza, N. meningitides
Most Common Precursor of choriocarcinoma
Hydatidiform mole
Most Common Presenting symptom of KUB cancers
Hematuria
Most Common Primary bone malignancy
Multiple myeloma (1st Aid); 2nd: osteosarcoma
Most Common Primary bone tumor in the elderly
Multiple myeloma
Most Common Primary cardiac neoplasm
Myxoma
Most Common Primary esophageal motility disorder
Nutcracker esophagus
Most Common Primary lymphedema
Lymphedema praecox
Most Common Pulmonary embolus origin
Above the knee (80%)
Most Common Renal Cell CA
Clear Cell
Most Common Renal malignancy of childhood
Wilms tumor
Most Common Renal stone
Calcium
Most Common Renal transplant complication [donors]
Wound infection
Most Common Route of metastasis, papillary thyroid CA
Lymphatic
Most Common Route of metastasis, soft tissue sarcoma
Hematogenous
Most Common Sarcoma of small intestine in adults
Leiomyosarcoma
Most Common Shoulder dislocation
Anterior? (Parang posterior)
Most Common Side of groin hernia
Right
Most Common Side of varicocoele
Left (due to compression from sigmoid)
Most Common Site of cervical CA
Transformation zone (spreads to obturator nodes)
Site of colon CA
Rectosigmoid junction (2nd: cecum)
Most Common Sites of copper deposition in Wilson’s Disease
Descemet’s membrane, Basal ganglia (esp. putamen)
Most Common Site of diverticulosis
Sigmoid colon
Most Common Site of ectopic pregnancy
Ampulla
Most Common Site of endometriosis
Ovary (80%)
Most Common Site of Familial adenomatous polyposis
Rectosigmoid colon
Most Common Site of foreign body aspiration
Right main bronchus (except when lying on the L)
Most Common Site of esophageal malignancy
Lower 3rd (mets to celiac nodes)
Most Common Site of gastric ulcers
Lesser curvature, body, above incisura angularis, where parietal cells G cells
Most Common Site of duodenal ulcers
Anterior wall of duodenal cap (Posterior, according to Moore…argh!)
Most Common Site of duodenal ulcer perforation
Anterior wall
Most Common Site of gastrinoma
Passaro’s triangle
Most Common Site of ischemic colitis
Left colon (esp. splenic flexure)
Most Common Site of Kaposi’s sarcoma in head and neck
Palate
Most Common Site of lower limb vascular occlusion
Femoral artery at level of profunda femoris
Most Common Site of multiple myeloma lesion
Vertebrae
Most Common Site of nosebleed
Kiesselbach plexus
Most Common Site of soft tissue sarcoma
Extremities
Most Common Site of volvulus
Sigmoid colon
Most Common Site of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Pancreas
Most Common Small intestine malignancy
Adenocarcinoma
Most Common Small intestine malignancy in children
Lymphoma
Most Common Small intestine tumor
Adenoma
Most Common Soft tissue sarcoma of childhood
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Most Common Soft tissue sarcoma of adults (excluding Kaposi)
Malignant fibrous (2nd: liposarcoma)
Most Common Solid tumor in children
Neuroblastoma
Most Common Source of brain metastasis
Lung, breast, melanoma, kidney, GI
Most Common Spinal muscle atrophy
Werdnig-Hoffman disease (Infantile motor neuron disease)
Most Common Splenectomy complication
Atelectasis of L lower lung
Most Common Surgery for sleep apnea
Uvulopalatoplasty (repair of soft palate collapse)
Most Common Testicular CA in >60 years?
Lymphoma
Most Common Testicular germ cell neoplasm
Seminoma (commonly on the R)
Most Common Testicular CA in infants and children <3
Yolk sac CA
Most Common Tibial fracture site
Junction of middle and lower segment
Most Common Tumor in females
Leiomyoma
Most Common Tumor in infants
Hemangioma
Most Common Tumor of urinary collecting system
Transitional cell CA (associated with phenacetin abuse)
Most Common Urinary diversion post-cystectomy
Ileal conduit (incontinent)
Most Common Urine leakage injury
Type III (from straddle injury)
Most Common Valvular lesion
MVP
Most Common Valvular lesion in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Aortic insufficiency
Most Common Vasculitis (children)
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Most Common Vasculitis (general)
Temporal (giant cell) arteritis
Most Common Viral cause of mental retardation
CMV
Most Common Visceral artery aneurysm
Splenic artery aneurysm
Most Common VSD
Membranous (according to Kaplan-Pedia; Robbins)
