Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Acanthocyte

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

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2
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Visceral malignancy; also seen in DM

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3
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease

A

APKD1; flank pain, hematuria, HTN, UTI, renal failure; polycystic liver disease, berry aneurysms, MVP

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4
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Albuminocytologic dissociation

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

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5
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

ALL

A

TdT+; children

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6
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

AML

A

Auer rods; adults

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7
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

AML with DIC

A

M3; t(15;17); tx with Retinoic acid

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8
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

AML with gingival hyperplasia

A

M5 (

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9
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Aβ (A4) amyloid fibrils,

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10
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Amastigotes

A

Leishmaniasis (Tx: sodium stibogluconate)

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11
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Amyloidosis, primary

A

AL protein

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12
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Anchovy paste aspirate

A

Amebic liver abscess

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13
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Angiosarcoma of the liver

A

Polyvinyl chloride

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14
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Ankylosing spondylisis

A

HLA-B27, Marie-Strumpell disease, bamboo spine

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15
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Anthracosis

A

Coal-worker pneuomoconiosis

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16
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Anticentromere antibody

A

CREST syndrome

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17
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Antidesmosome IgG

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (deadly)

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18
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Antihemidesmosome IgG

A

Bullous pemphigoid (spares oral mucosa)

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19
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Aortic Regurgitation

A

Water-hammer pulse, Corrigan’s pulse; Quincke’s sign; DeMusset’s sign; Duroziez’s sign; Traube’s sign; Austin-Flint murmur; Hill’s sign; Muller sign, Bisferiens pulse

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20
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Aortic stenosis

A

Gallavardin’s phenomenon, soft S2, S4, forceful apex

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21
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Apple core” on abdominal Xray

A

Colorectal CA

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22
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Ash-leaf spot

A

Tuberous sclerosis

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23
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Atypical pneumonia

A

Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella, viral

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24
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Auer rods

A

AML M3 (Acute promyelocytic leukemia)

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25
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Basal Cell CA

A

Palisading nuclei, pearly papules, “rodent ulcer”

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26
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Bird-beak” X-ray

A

Achalasia

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27
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Bite cell

A

G6PD Deficiency

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28
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Black liver

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

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29
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Blueberry Muffin” rash

A

Congenital rubella

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30
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Bread and butter” pericardium

A

RHD pericarditis

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31
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Bubble-bearing” cells

A

Chordoma

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32
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Burr cell

A

TTP, HUS

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33
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Butterfly glioma”

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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34
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Urinary 5-HIAA; wheezing, R-sided murmurs, diarrhea, flushing

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35
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Cauda equina syndrome

A

Distended bladder, flaccid rectal sphincter, perineal saddle anesthesia

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36
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Celiac disease

A

Antigliadin antibodies, B12 deficiency, dermatitis herpetiformis

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37
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Cinchonism

A

Headache, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia

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38
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Crescent sign” on X-ray

A

Avascular necrosis of femoral head

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39
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Cysticercosis

A

Taenia solium

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40
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Dermatomyositis

A

Heliotrope rash, “shawl and face” rash, risk of malignancy, CK, aldolase, (+) ANA, (+) anti-Jo-1

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41
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

DES exposure

A

Clear cell vaginal CA (in daughters)

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42
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Desmoid tumor

A

Fascial soft tissue neoplasm, probably fibrosarcoma, tx wide excision with 2-4cm margin

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43
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Diabetes Mellitus

A

width of GBM, Kimmelstein-Wilson lesions, necrobiosis lipoidica (shins), Armanni-Ebstein lesion

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44
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Down syndrome

A

ALL, AML; endocardial cushion defects

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45
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Endometriosis

A

Mulberry nodules, chocolate cysts, gunpowder-mark lesions

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46
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Erlenmeyer flask” bones

A

Osteopetrosis

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47
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Erythema migrans (with target lesions)

A

Lyme disease

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48
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Favism

A

In G6PD deficiency, hemolysis post-fava bean ingestion

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49
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Fish mouth vertebra

A

Sickle cell anemia

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50
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Flea-bitten kidney

A

Malignant hypertension

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51
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Fried egg” appearance

A

Oligodendroglioma, Multiple myeloma, Seminoma

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52
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Gastric CA

A

AdenoCA, Krukenberg tumors, Virchow’s node, linitis plastic, type A blood, liver mets, signet ring, acanthosis nigricans

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53
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

A

[arise from] Interstitial cell of Cajal

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54
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Glucagonoma

A

Necrolytic migratory erythema

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55
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Ground glass” hepatocytes

A

Hepatitis B

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56
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Ground glass” CXR

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia or ARDS

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57
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Hairy Cell Leukemia

A

TRAP (Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase); splenomegaly (80%)

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58
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Hobnail” liver

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

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59
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Honeycomb lung

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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60
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Heart failure, left-sided

A

Heart failure cells (intraalveolar hemosiderin-laden macrophages); brown induration

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61
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Heart failure, right-sided

A

Nutmeg liver

62
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Helmet cell

A

Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic disease, Iron deficiency, Lead poisoning (TAIL)

63
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Hereditary hemochromatosis

A

Cirrhosis, DM, increased skin pigmentation

64
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Hereditary spherocytosis

A

Spectrin, ankyrin, band 3, protein 4.2 deficiency

65
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Vitamin B12/Folate deficiency

66
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Ice cream cone” hip

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

67
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Infective Endocarditis

A

Roth spots, splinter hemorrhages, Osler’s (painful, pads of fingers)), Janeway (painless, palms and soles)

68
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Iris/target lesions [derma]

A

Erythema multiforme minor

69
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Leather bottle stomach

A

Linitis plastica, diffusely infiltrative gastric CA

70
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Malignant hypertension

A

Flea-bitten kidney, “onion-skin”

71
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Malignant malaria

A

P. falciparum

72
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Malignant mesothelioma

A

Asbestosis

73
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Maltese cross” inclusions

A

Babesiosis

74
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

McCune-Albright syndrome

A

“Coast of Maine” lesions, short stature, precocious puberty

75
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Meconium ileus

A

Cystic fibrosis

76
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Metastatic calcification

A

Hyperphosphatemia

77
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

A

Anti-nRNP/Anti-U1RNP; Raynaud’s arthralgia, esophageal hypomotility

78
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Muddy brown” casts

A

Acute tubular necrosis

79
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Multiple Myeloma

A

Punched-out lesions, Bence-Jones protein, rouleaux formation, “fried-egg” plasma cells

80
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Multiple sclerosis

A

Demyelination scattered about CNS white matter; internuclear ophthalmoplegia (MLF syndrome)

81
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Nesidioblastosis

A

Neonatal hypersecretion of insulin; requires 95% pancreatectomy

82
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Neuroblastoma

A

Homer-Wright pseudorosettes, opsoclonus (dancing eyes), most common solid tumor in children, n-myc

83
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Sarcoidosis

A

Noncaseating granuloma; Schaumann bodies; asteroid bodies; type IV reaction; Lupus pernio (violaceous, nose and ears)

84
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Scleroderma

A

Anti-Scl-70 (in diffuse scleroderma)

85
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Soap bubble appearance

A

Giant cell tumor

86
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Somatostatinoma

A

Diabetes, steatorrhea, gallstones

87
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Oat Cell Carcinoma

A

Cushing’s syndrome

88
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Onion skin” pattern on X-ray

A

Ewing sarcoma

89
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Onion skin” bile duct

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

90
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Osteoarthritis

A

Eburnation, Heberden’s (DIP), Bouchard’s (PIP)

91
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Osteosarcoma

A

Codman triangle, sunburst pattern

92
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

P-ANCA

A

Idiopathic crescentic GN, Churg-Strauss, Microscopic polyangitis, polyarteritis nodosa

93
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Pastia’s lines

A

Scarlet fever

94
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Pearly translucent papule with telangiectasia

A

Basal Cell CA

95
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Pencil and cup” deformity

A

Psoriatic arhtritis

96
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Penis at 12”

A

5α-reductase deficiency

97
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Pheochromocytoma

A

Urine metanephrine (most specific) or VMA; secretes NE extra-adrenally; Epi adrenally

98
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Pilocytic astrocytoma

A

Rosenthal fibers; common in children

99
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Pleural adenosine deaminase (increased)

A

PTB

100
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Polymyositis

A

CD8 T-cell induced muscle injury; progressive symmetric proximal weakness; anti-Jo-1

101
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Pseudopalisade

A

Gliobastoma multiforme

102
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Pulmonary embolism

A

Hampton’s hump, Westermark’s sign; triad: hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain

103
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Pulmonic Regurgitation

A

Graham Steell murmur

104
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Pulseless disease

A

Takayasu’s arteritis

105
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Renal Cell CA

A

Hematuria, flank pain, flank mass

106
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

Aschoff bodies (classic), Anitschkow’s cells (pathognomonic), MacCallum plaque, Sydenham’s chorea

107
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Rickets

A

Rachitic rosary (also in scurvy), Harrison groove, pigeon breast, short stature, craniotabes, late fontanelle closure

108
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Rodent ulcer”

A

Basal cell CA

109
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

S-100 tumor marker

A

Malignant Melanoma

110
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Sago spleen

A

Secondary amyloidosis

111
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Seborrheic keratosis

A

“Pasted on” lesions; horn cysts, older persons

112
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Sickle-cell anemia

A

“Crew cut” x-ray, missense mutation (GluVal), Salmonella osteomyelitis, malaria-resistant

113
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Signet-ring cells

A

Krukenberg tumor, Gastric CA

114
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Silicosis

A

Birefringent silica particles

115
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Sjogren’s syndrome

A

Anti-SS-A (Ro), Anti-SS-B (La)

116
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

SLE

A

ANA (sensitive but not specific, anti-dsDNA (specific and prognostic), anti-Sm (specific but not prognostic)

117
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Small cell carcinoma

A

SIADH

118
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Smudge cells

A

CLL

119
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Snowman” heart

A

TAPVR

120
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Soap bubble” lesion in brain

A

Cryptococcus meningitis

121
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Spike and dome” appearance

A

Membranous GN

122
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Square root sign” [equalization of pressures]

A

Chronic constrictive pericarditis

123
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Starry-sky appearance

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

124
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Stepladder appearance

A

SBO

125
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomoniasis

126
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Strawberry gallbladder

A

Cholesterolosis

127
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease

128
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“String” sign in terminal ileum

A

Crohn Disease

129
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Struvite (Mg Ammonium Phosphate) stones

A

Urease-positive bugs (Proteus, Klebsiella, Staph, Providencia, Pseudomonas); staghorn calculus

130
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Sunburst” pattern

A

Osteosarcoma

131
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Swiss Cheese” brain

A

Cysticercosis

132
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Systemic Sclerosis

A

Anti-Scl-70

133
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Target cell

A

HbC disease, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia (HALT)

134
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Target lesions

A

Erythema multiforme, Lyme disease

135
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Teardrop-shaped erythrocytes

A

Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis / Myeloid metaplasia

136
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Thumb sign

A

Epiglottitis

137
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Thyroid tissue in ovary

A

Struma ovarii

138
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Thyroidization of kidney

A

Pyelonephritis

139
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Trachoma

A

Chlamydia trachomatis (A-C)

140
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Tram-track appearance

A

Membranoproliferative GN

141
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Transitional cell CA

A

β-naphthalene exposure

142
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Tree-bark aorta

A

Syphilitic aortitis

143
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Tumbling motility, strawberry cervix

144
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

TTP pentad

A

Fever, purpura, hemolytic anemia, hematuria, neurologic changes

145
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Tuberous sclerosis

A

Ash-leaf spot, Shagreen’s area, Koenen’s tumor

146
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Watermelon stomach

A

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (Tx: antrectomy)

147
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

C-ANCA

148
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

White cell casts

A

Pyelonephritis (pathognomonic)

149
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Wire-loop abnormality

A

Type IV Lupus nephropathy (diffuse proliferative)

150
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

Yolk sac tumor

A

Schiller-Duval bodies

151
Q

Associations: Diseases/Pathologies/Keywords/Definitions

“Zebra stripes” neural tumor

A

Schwannoma