Most challenging EPPP Flashcards
According to Krumboltz’s (1979) social learning theory of career decision-making, what are the 4 things that influence career choice
genetic abilities
environment
learning
task approach skills
Do Sleep walking and sleep terrors occur in REM or non-REM
non-REM
Hearing and vision start decreasing at __
Fluid intelligence starts decreasing at ___
hearing/vision: 40
fluid: 30-40
Damage to the frontal lobe is least likely to have an adverse effect on which of the following?
A. motivation
B. judgment
C. memory
D. IQ
IQ
model where an effective leader adopts the style (directive, achievement-oriented, supportive, or participative) that best fits certain characteristics of the employee and the employee’s tasks.
path-goal theory
In Ainsworth’s (Ainsworth et al., 1978) “strange situation,” an infant with a(n) ____________ attachment pattern clings to his/her mother, is very upset when she leaves, and is angry and rejects her when she returns. Mothers with this attachment pattern are usually ____________.
resistant; inconsistent in their caregiving
Is numerical reasoning fluid or crystallized
crystallized
Aversive racism
outwardly supportive of equality (interally anti-minority attitudes) + egalitarian principles
the extent to which a predictor measures the construct (hypothetical trait) it was designed to measure
construct validity
What model starts with
conformity
and ends with integrative awareness
Atkinson, Morten, and Sue’s Racial/Cultural Identity Development (R/CID)
Sayle- conformed then integrated
Worst score on rancho
I
Meds used to treat tic dx
antipsychotics
Workers with high growth-need strength (those that need to fulfill higher order needs) are more likely than those with low GNS to be positively affected by a job that has
the 5 core job characteristics: skill variety task identity task significance autonomy feedback
If one variable is continuous and the other is a dichotomous variable, what type of regression do you use?
point-biserial
Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development Model stages
Black racial identity = premium ibrahim internalizing
Pre-encounter
Immersion-emersion
Internalization
survivors syndrome
those not laid off during downsizing exhibit reduced job satisfaction and organizational commitment, a sense of loss of control, somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and guilt about being a survivor.
Risperidone and other second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs do what to serotonin and dopamine
decrease (antagonists)
In Fiedler’s contingency model of leadership (LPCs, favorableness of situation), should leaders change to fit style of employee
No, change situation to fit leadership style (which is relatively stable)
Fiedler’s contingency model
leadership depends on how much control the leader has (favorableness)
Idiographic research design
single subject
A friend tends to attribute his own behaviors to situational factors but the behaviors of other people to dispositional factors.
actor-observer bias
In a factor matrix, a communality indicates the proportion of variability:
in a single test that’s accounted for by all of the identified factors.
We are likely to attribute others’ behaviors to external factors when what 3 things are high
consensus
consistency
distinctiveness
theme interference
as a loss of objectivity that occurs when a therapist’s reactions to a particular type of client are affected by his/her previous experiences with that type of client.
favorableness of situation
how much control a leader has over subordinates
Bronfenbrenner’s’s system that consists of elements in the environment that the child may not have direct contact with but affect the child’s immediate environment. It includes the parents’ places of work, community services, and government agencies.
exosystem
Situational leadership theory
leader’s style should depend on subordinate’s job maturity (willingness + ability)
increased consideration = increased satisfaction, motivation
increased initiating structure = increased performance
Item difficulty index (p) range and what is the most difficult score
0 to 1 and 0=most difficult
position analysis questionnaire measures
KSAO knowledge skill abilities and other characteristics
individual decisions are better than group decisions when
the task doesn’t have much structure and requires a lot of creativity
The Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20) can be used to estimate a test’s ____________ reliability when test items are scored dichotomously.
internal consistency
fading
thinning
fading - gradually removing prompts
thinning- gradually spacing reinforcement
can you date relatives of a former client
yes - as long as it’s former
Informational vs. normative influence
Informational: people conform to the judgments of others because they think others know more than they do
Normative influence: confirm because afraid of ridicule/rejection
ODD requires symptoms for ___ whereas conduct disorder requires symptoms for __
ODD = 6 mo CD = 12 mo
When a predictor has a reliability coefficient of .64, you can conclude that its criterion-related validity coefficient can be no larger than:
.8
criterion-related validity coeff <= sq, rel.
Chronbach’s alpha and KR-20 measure:
Whereas, Cohen’s kappa and Kendall’s coefficient measure:
Chronbach’s alpha and KR-20 measure: internal consistency
Cohen’s kappa and Kendall’s coefficient measure: inter-rater reliability
canonical correlation
appropriate multivariate technique when two or more predictors will be used to estimate status on two or more criteria.
Fiedler’s contingency model proposes that the optimal leadership style depends on which of the following?
A. the employee’s work-related level of motivation and ability to perform the job
B. the levels of skill variety, autonomy, and feedback provided by the job
C. the leader’s expertise, the employees’ expertise, and the importance of the employees’ commitment to the chosen course of action
D. the leader’s position power, the nature of the relationships between the leader and the employees, and the task structure
d
the tendency to imagine what might have happened but didn’t and can involve imagining either better or worse outcomes
counterfactual thinking
a mindguard re: groupthink
mindguards appoint themselves and shield group members from problematic information that might affect cohesiveness
____ is the alternative to the Pearson r for calculating the correlation between two continuous variables when the variables have a nonlinear relationship.
eta
The tendency to believe that the personal attitudes of a member of a group are similar to the personal attitudes of all members of the group is referred to as the
group attribution error
Arbitrary inference
drawing negative conclusions without any supporting evidence
Inter-rater reliability for 2 raters versus 3 raters
2: Cohen’s kappa
3: Kendall’s coeff of concordance
When using __________ to increase a behavior, the presence of a discriminative stimulus indicates that the behavior will be reinforced.
stimulus control
Another name for STM
primary memory
The Position Analysis Questionnaire
allows employer to compare activities ACROSS jobs
structured worker-oriented job analysis questionnaire that addresses six categories of work activity: information input, mental processes, work output, relationships with other people, job context, and other characteristics
According to the DSM-5, the median age of onset of specific phobia is between _____ years of age.
7 to 11
Do tics have to start prior to 18 for tourettes dx
yes, 1+ vocal and 2+ motor
A behavior that’s acquired as the result of avoidance conditioning is not likely to extinguish because it’s being:
maintained by negative reinforcement
Research suggests that ____________ is most useful for understanding the “testing effect.”
mediator effectiveness - testing improves memory by supporting the use of more-effective mediators during encoding”
Tracking
adopting the family’s style of communication (structural family therapy)
attribute others’ behavior to ext.factors when what 3 things are high
consistency
distinctiveness
consensus
overjustification effect is associated with what theory
self-perception theory: we determine attitudes by looking at our own behaviors and circumstances
polythetic criterion
only need some sx for dsm 5 dx so people may look diff w same dx
Are depressive episodes required for Bipolar I and Bipolar II
No - only BPII
even when a predictor’s validity coefficient is low to moderate, adding a new measure can have incremental validity when the:
selection ratio is low
BR is moderate (.5)
Satiation is when ___ no longer works and can be prevented by ____
Satiation = reinforcement not working, can be prevented with thinning
opportunities for responsibility, challenge, and advancement are what factors in Herzberg’s 2 factor theory
motivator factors (also called job content factors; higher order needs)
According to Cannon-Bard theory, where emotion and physiological arousal occur together at the same time, do emotions produce different physiological arousal?
No - so emotions can’t be attributed to physiological arousal
the amount of variability in obtained test scores that’s due to true score variability
reliability coefficient
formula for % variability explained by all the factors
communality
Greatest amount of attitude change occurs when there is ____ discrepancy between current position and message position
Greatest amount of attitude change occurs when there is ____ discrepancy between current position and message position
What therapy focused on blocked aspects of the self as well as the here and now
Gestalt
Marcia’s stages of identity crisis
x
Vineland-3
measure of adaptive functioning
The most effective intervention for children with childhood-onset fluency disorder is likely to be which of the following?
habit reversal trainign - including deep breathing
When assigning a DSM-5 diagnosis of conduct disorder, severity is determined by
of problems and severity of harm to others
Rothbart’s theory of temperament based on
reactivity: negative affectivity vs. extraversion/surgency
self-regulation
From ages 3-6, in the phallic phase, what is the Erikson moral dichotomy w/ favorable outcome
initiative vs. guilt
purpose
agranulocytosis, which is a rare but potentially fatal blood disorder that’s characterized by an abnormally low level of white blood cells - is associated with what drug
clonazapine
non-verbal measure of cognitive abilities for 3-75 yo good for developmental delays
Leiter-3
Prescribing the symptom and ordeals are associated with what family therapy
strategic
A decrease in the effectiveness of punishment over time is often due to:
habituation
Family therapy that worried about too little differentiation
transgenerational
According to expectancy theory (VIE), what will result in high motivation among workers
- worker values outcome (Valence)
- instrumentality - successful performance leads to the outcome
- increased effort = successful performance (expetancy)
According to the situation leadership model, leadership style should depend on a subordinate’s
job maturity (willingness + ability)
Murray’s theory of personality, which describes personality as being the result of internal and external forces - resulted in the development of which personality test
Thematic Appreciation Test
avoidance conditioning
withdraw or prevent an unpleasant stimulus before it even starts
theory of reasoned action
Intention to perform a behavior is predicted by
1) social norms (what would others do)
2) confidence/perceived control
flooding
deliberate exposure with response prevention (relaxation); implosion is the same thing but it is imagined and has psychodynamic features
another name for LTM for recent events
secondary memory
social judgment theory
how persuaded someone is depends on current position and degree of
acceptance
rejection
non-commitment on attitude
In the context of Dawis and Lofquist’s (1984) theory of work adjustment, a worker’s job satisfaction is determined by the correspondence between the worker’s:
needs and reinforcements provided by the job
Put Kirckpatrick’s levels of training evaluation in order from least helpful to most helpful: behavior, learning, result, reaction
reaction, learning, behavior, results
What is the difference between competency modeling and job analysis?
Competency modeling is similar to job analysis but focuses on the core competencies that are required to successfully perform all jobs or a subset of jobs within an organization and are linked to the organization’s values, goals, and strategies.
Which theory views interactions between boss and employee as either in-group or outgroup interactions
leader-member exchange theory
To decrease an undesirable behavior and increase one or more specific alternative desirable behaviors that already occur at least occasionally, you would use
DRA (differential reinforcement for alternative or appropriate behavior)
Older adults spend less time in ___ sleep
deep sleep (3 and 4) and REM is more distributed throughout the night
mental health professionals who are insensitive to cultural differences and believe that their own cultural assumptions about what constitutes mental health or normality applies to people from all cultural backgrounds are _____
culturally encapsulated
secondary circular reactions
repeats behaviors that elicit a response from a person or object.
Cognitive ability test for 3-18 year olds consistent with the CHC w/ minimal cultural content
KABC
A researcher would use the split-plot ANOVA to analyze the data she collected in her research study when:
mixed effects
between and within subj study
What are the three supervisee’s stages of development according to Stoltenberg and McNeill’s (2010)
self-other awareness
motivation
autonomy
Kuder Occupational Interest Survey (KOIS) and Strong Interest Inventory
Meant for HS and college students
Strong Interest Inventory: General Occupational Themes, basic INterest, Occupation, Personal Style
KOIS: Occupational scales, college major scales, and VIEs
Helm’s white racial identity dev. starts and ends with
Contact (bad)
Immersion-Emersion (good)
Autonomy (good) - no defensiveness
In response to the Heinz dilemma, Morgan says that Heinz shouldn’t steal the drug that his wife needs because people will think he’s a thief if he does so. Morgan’s response suggests that he’s in Kohlberg’s __________ level of moral development.
conventional
Sparkling moments are associated with what therapy
narrative family therapy
they are experiences that are not consistent with problem saturated stories
A practitioner of reality therapy would agree that psychopathology is the result of:
Meeting needs irresponsibly which ends up in failure identity; power, love, freedom, fun, survival
In reality, power of love frees franny su
First line of treatment for neuropathic pain
Tricyclic antidepressants
The last of the self conscious emotions to emerge
pride, shame, guilt (3 yo)
Another name for % variability accounted for
coefficient of determination
Graham’s current Erikson phase with good and bad outcome
autonomy vs. shame
good outcome = will (bad outcome=doubt)
Mildred Parten (1932) categorized children’s play as being:
social vs. non-social
difficulties with emotion regulation is more associated with CD or ODD
ODD
A person taking what drugs could avoid tyramine
MAOIs
The behavioral technique known as successive approximation conditioning is also known as:
shaping
Spearman-Brown prophecy formula is used to
correct split-half reliability, which shortens the test into 2 tests
What is the range of standard error
0 to SD
range of criterion validity
-1 to 1
Covert sensitization
aversive counter conditioning treatment for pedophelia where replaces the sexual arousal elicited by the paraphilic object or behavior with fear or other undesirable response
Is a task oriented leader low or high on the LPC scale
Low
Severity of a substance use dx determined
of sx
Lewin’s model of planned change describes change as involving three phases:
unfreezing, changing, and refreezing
formula for % variability explained by one factor
(Factor loading)sq
needs analysis
conducted to identity training needs
- Organizational analysis
- Job analysis
- Person analysis - which employees need trianing
- Demographics - which groups need what training
Individuation through psychological maturity and teleological approach are associated with what therapy
Jung
Is increased sensitivity to environmental stimuli a symptom of panic attacks in the DSM-5?
No
A ___ variable affects the direction or strength of the relationship between IV and DV; whereas a _____ variable EXPLAINS the relationship between the IV and DV
moderator - affects direction or strength of relationship
mediator - explains relationship
What type of racism is occurring when someone believes that minorities violate traditional American values.
symbolic racism (a form of covert racism)
Effects of behavioral inhibition
vulnerability factor for an anxiety disorder in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood
higher risk for anxiety and that leads to depression
SE of measurement
SD * sr(1-r)
overextension
overregularization
overjustification
overextension: calling all 4-legged animals dog
overregularization: foots instead of feet
overjustification: when people are externally reinforced for engaging in an intrinsically rewarding behavior, their intrinsic motivation decreases
Taylor-russel tables tell you
incremenetal validity
If you are a Black parent, what strategy is best for the best outcomes re: identity?
Cultural socialization (teaching about culture)
Preparation for bias has mixed effects
Chronic __________ excitotoxicity has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and several other neurodegenerative disorders.
glutamate
what does naltroxone do
decrease alcohol cravings
considering alternatives only until a minimally acceptable alternative is found
satisfice
Evidence for the five-factor model of personality has been provided by research using the __________ method.
lexical
How does the course of schizophrenia differ in non-western cultures
more rapid onset
acute course
higher risk of relapse
Percentage scores (40/80 correct answers = 50%) and expectancy tables are examples of
criterion referenced scores
slope bias
differential validity where the predictor is more accurate for one group than another
Intercept bias
test unfairness; predictor consistently over or under predicts performance on the criterion for members of one of the groups (cross the y-axis at different points)
When a predictor’s criterion-related validity coefficient is .40, this means that:
16% of variability in criterion scores is explained by variability in predictor scores.
According to the American Psychological Association’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, a psychologist should provide feedback after an evaluation and assessment:
in all cases, unless precluded by legal or organizational reasons.
Documentation relating to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) must be maintained for:
6 years
