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Microbiology 210 > Morphology And Structure > Flashcards

Morphology And Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Size of bacteria

A

Diameter 0.2-2.0 nanometers

Length 2-8 nanometers

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2
Q

Bacteria measured by

A

Ocular micrometer

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3
Q

Cocci

A

In cluster, pairs, chains or packets

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4
Q

Bacilli

A

Pairs, chains, palisade, rosette

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5
Q

Spirilla

A

Individual cells with variation in length and spirals

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6
Q

Flagella originate in—– and protrude through the ……..

Made of …..

A

Cytoplasmic membrane

Cell wall

Flagellin protein

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7
Q

Flagellation is more commonly found on

A

Baciili

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8
Q

Monotrichous

A

On flagella on either end of the bacterium

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9
Q

Lophotrichous

A

Bundle of flagella on either end of the bacterium

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10
Q

Amphitrichous

A

Flagella on both ends of the bacterium

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11
Q

Peritrichouse

A

Flagella around the bacterium

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12
Q

Flagella are detected by

A

Flagella stain directly

Observable motility in wet mounts and hanging drops

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13
Q

True motility

A

Direction and purposeful movement

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14
Q

Pili (fimbrae) are composed of….. and originate in…..and protrude….

A

Protein
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cell wall

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15
Q

Pili found on

A

Gram negative bacteria mostly

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16
Q

Pili are observable on

A

Electron microscope

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17
Q

Pili are present on both …. bacteria

A

Motile and no motile

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18
Q

Function of pili

A

Allows for attachment and adherence,

Used in conjugation

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19
Q

Capsule or slime layer function

A

Viscous covering of polysaccharides or protein used for protection

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20
Q

Sheath

A

Tubule enclosing individuals bacteria and are aligned End to end

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21
Q

Stalk

A

Semi rigid appendages often with adhesive substance at distal end found in some inhabitants of fresh water

22
Q

Cell wall

A

Gives shape and is essential for growth and division

All bacteria have them except for mycoplasms

23
Q

Cell wall protects against

A

Osmotic lysis

24
Q

Gram negative have outer membrane composed of

A

Lipopolysaccharides, phospholipids and lipoproteins

25
Q

Gram positive bacteria have

A

Teichoic acid in cell wall

26
Q

Difference in flagella basal body in gram positive and negative

A

Positive - 2 rings in basal body

Negative - four rings

27
Q

Only structure of motility in bacteria

28
Q

Why is a gram stain able to differentiate between gram positive and negative bacteria?

A

When alcohol is placed on gram positive bacteria, the crystal violet, iodine complex is retained because it cannot pass through the multiple layers of peptidoglycan. However, when alcohol is placed on a gram negative bacterium, lipids are extracted from the outer membrane and the crystal violet iodine complex passes through the thin layer of peptidoglycan.

29
Q

Treating bacteria with enzyme lysozyme

A

Removes cell wall creating a protoplast. It will stain gram negative even if it is positive because it cannot hold stain

30
Q

Endospores are characterized by

A

LOCATION and size

31
Q

Bacillis endospore cells are

A

Not usually swollen

32
Q

Clostridium endospore cells appear

33
Q

Endospore locations

A

Terminal, subterminal and central

34
Q

Sporogenisis

A

Formation of endospore

35
Q

Endospore

A

Dormant, dehydrated structure containing calcium dipocolinate and surrounded by numerous layers (spore cortex + spore coat)

36
Q

F+ bacteria have a

A

Sex factor or F factor

37
Q

F+ has plasmid which allows

A

for formation of sex pilis- allows for conjugation

38
Q

HFR cell

A

High frequency recombination

Will not produce a F+ cell, but passes on some DNA thru

39
Q

Product of HFR and a F- cell

A

F- cell with recombinant DNA

40
Q

Outer membrane of gram negative contains…..

The…. acts as an endotoxin and the …… as an antigenic structure

A

Lipopolysaccharide

Lipid A

Polysaccharide O

41
Q

Protein synthesis occurs in the …..

A

Cytoplasm and mitochondria

42
Q

Cell wall of eukaryotes is…. compared to prokaryotes

A

Less complex

43
Q

Bacteria that don’t have cell Wall are called

A

Mycoplasmas

44
Q

Photosynthetic bacteria contain….. and carry on….. if they are Photosynthetic

A

Bacteriochlorophyll

Anaerobic photosynthesis

45
Q

Archaebacteria cell wall contains

46
Q

Glycocalyx capsule or slime layer function

A

PROTECTION from phagocytosis
ADHERENCE to surfaces
PROTECTION against desiccation
Possible food reserve

47
Q

Inclusions

A

Reserve deposits that can be found in some bacteria

Ex… metachromatic granules

48
Q

Gas vacuoles

A

Inclusions of gas that allow buoyancy

49
Q

Bacterial nucleoid

A

Genetic material in single chromosome

50
Q

Bacterial chromosome

A

Circular molecule of double stranded DNA

51
Q

PERIPLASMIC space

A

Space between outer membrane and the cell membrane of gram negative bacteria

Contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins

52
Q

Bacteria RIBOSOMES

Microbiology 210 (7 decks)

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