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Microbiology 210 > Lab Exam > Flashcards

Lab Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Stage

A

Fixed platform with an opening in the center allowing for passage of light from illuminating source to lens system

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2
Q

Mechanical stage

A

Can be moved vertically or horizontally by means of adjustment controls.

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3
Q

Illumination

A

Light source positioned in the base of the instrument

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4
Q

condenser

A

Component directly under the stage contains two sets of lenses that collect and concentrate light

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5
Q

Iris diaphragm

A

Shutter controlled by a lever that is used to regulate the amount of light entering the lens system

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6
Q

Body tube

A

Above the stage, attached to the arm of th microscope’

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7
Q

Ocular lens

A

Eyepiece lens

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8
Q

Nosepiece

A

Moveable, contains objective lens

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9
Q

Coarse adjustment and fine adjustment knobs

A

Below stage

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10
Q

Magnification

A

Enlargement of a specimen using a two lens system: ocular and objective

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11
Q

Objective produces what kind of image?

A

Real image

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12
Q

Ocular lens produces the

A

Final image

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13
Q

Resolving power

A

How far apart two adjacent objects must be before a given lens shows them as discrete entities. When two objects look as one, the resolution has been lost

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14
Q

Numerical aperture

A

Function of the diameter of the objective lens in relation to its focal length. RP=wavelength of light/2x numerical aperture

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15
Q

refractive index

A

The bending power of light passing through air from the glass slide to the objective lens

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16
Q

As the magnification of the lens increases,

A

The working distance decreases and the numerical aperture of the objective lens increases

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17
Q

Parfocal

A

When one lens is in focus, others will also have the same focal length

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18
Q

Heat fixation

A

Rapid movement of specimen over flame fixing to the slide

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19
Q

Sub culturing

A

Transfer of organism from one medium to another

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20
Q

Pure culture

A

Containing only one specimen

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21
Q

Uniform fine turbidity

A

Finely dispersed growth throughout

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22
Q

Flocculent

A

Flakey aggregates dispersed throughout

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23
Q

Pellicle

A

Thick pad like growth on surface

24
Q

Sediment

A

Concentration of growth at the bottom of broth culture may granular, flaky or flocculent

25
Q

Crateriform

A

Liquefied surface is saucer-shaped

26
Q

Stratiform

A

Complete liquefaction of the upper half of the medium

27
Q

Simple staining

A

Stained with single reagent: methylene blue, crystal violet and carbon fuchsin

28
Q

Diplo

A

Pair

29
Q

Strepto

A

Chain

30
Q

Staphlyo

A

Cluster

31
Q

Tetrad

A

4

32
Q

Sarcina

A

Packet of 8

33
Q

Vibrios

A

Curved rod

34
Q

Spirilla

A

Helical and rigid

35
Q

Spirochetes

A

Helical and flexible

36
Q

Negative staining

A

Requires use of acidic stain - cells remain discernible to the background

37
Q

Differential Staining

A

Use of at least four chemical reagents

38
Q

Primary stain

A

Impart color to cells

Crystal Violet

39
Q

Secondary stain

A

Intensifies color

Gram’s iodine

40
Q

Third stain

A

Decolorizing agent

Alcohol

41
Q

Counterstain

A

Fourth stain; has contrasting color to the primary stains

Safranin

42
Q

Gram +

A

Purple

43
Q

Gram -

A

Red

44
Q

The best gram stains are made with cultures that are

A

Less than 24 hours old

45
Q

Types of acidic dyes

A

Sodium eosinate
India ink
Nigrasine

45
Q

Negative stain

A

Indirect stain that colors the background due to polarization of ions in cell coat and pigment

Color is in the negative ion

45
Q

Positive stain

A

Color is in the positive ion…. basic dyes

45
Q

False gram reaction

A

Looks one way but is actually another

False gram+
Smear is too think
Specimen was not fully decolorized

False gram -
Over decolorized
Over heat fixed
Bacteria older than 24 hours

45
Q

Micrococcus luteus

A

Gram +
Cocci in tetrads
Yellow colonies on agar plate

45
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Bacillus
No cell arrangement
Gram -
White colonies

45
Q

Serratia marcescens

A

Gram -
Bacillus no arrangement
Pink red colonies at 25 degrees celsius
White colonies at 37 degrees

Difference in color indicates activity of the pigment gene due to temperature differences

46
Q

Advantages of hanging drop

A

Can observe life processes such as motility, cell division, phagocytosis,

Distortion of cells

Observation of cells that stain poorly or not at all

47
Q

Advantages of acidic dyes

A

No distortion of cells since there is no heat fixing of the slide
Can observe orgs that stain poorly or not at all

48
Q

True motility

A

Has directional movement with purpose

49
Q

Brownian movement

A

Stationary bouncing caused by random collisions

Microbiology 210 (7 decks)

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