MORPHOLOGY And SMEAR PREPARATION Flashcards
Bacterial Morphological Types
A. Cocci
B. Bacilli
C. Spiral
Bacterial Structures
A. Spore
B. Capsules
C. Granule
D. Flagella
Laboratory Preparations
A. Wet Mount
B. Hanging Drop
C. Fixed Stained Smear
causative agent for pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
COCCI
-> causative agent for skin infections
Staphylococcus aureus
COCCI
Types of COCCI
Monococcus
Diplococcus
Staphylococcus
Tetracoccus
Sarcina
Streptococcus
COCCI
•_______ in shape
In GREEK. it means “______”
SPHERICAL or ROUND
BERRY
BACILLI
• shape..
In LATIN, it means “_____’
Straight, Cigarette-shaped, Sausage, Elongated
LITTLE STICKS
Types of BACILLI
Bacillus
Coccobacillus
Palisades
Diplobacillus
Spore-former
Streptobacillus
-› also termed as “Chinese letter”
Palisades
causative agent for botulism or food poisoning
Bacillus
Clostridium botulinum
-› found in Yakult
Coccobacillus
Lactobacillus casei
-› causative agent for diphtheria
Palisades
Corynebacterium diphtheria
SPIRAL
• shape
CURVED RODS, HELICOIDAL, CORK-SCREW
Curved shapes of bacteria
Vibrious
Spirilla
Spirochetes
-> causative agent for cholera
Comma
Vibrio cholerae
-› causative agent for syphilis
Spirochete
Treponema pallidum
• SPHERICAL or ROUND in shape
In GREEK. it means “BERRY”
COCCI
• Straight, Cigarette-shaped, Sausage, Elongated In LATIN, it means “LITTLE STICKS’
BACILLI
• CURVED RODS, HELICOIDAL, CORK-SCREW
SPIRAL
• Actual body parts of the bacteria
• Makes bacteria unique
• Narrows down the bacteria need to be identified
• Cannot be demonstrated using a routine staining method
BACTERIAL STRUCTURES
SPORE
• Example:
Bacillus anthracis
- resting stage of bacteria;
highly resistant to extreme conditions
Endospore
• The structure that forms inside bacteria
Common or routine stains cannot penetrate it
Endospore
Endospore
The ability to resist stain may be attributed to its chemical composition:
Calcium
dipicolinic acid
peptidoglycan complex
• substance making spore highly resistant to physical and chemical antimicrobial agents
Calcium, dipicolinic acid, peptidoglycan complex
> not synthesized by vegetative cell only synthesized during spore formation
• dipicolinic acid
• Only one is formed from a single bacterium
• Not a process for multiplication but formed as a defense mechanism
Spore
Spore found at the tip of bacterium -*
terminal
Spore found near the tip of bacterium -›
subterminal
• Spore at the middle of bacterium -›
central
CAPSULES
• Example:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
• GLYCOCALYX or SUGAR COAT
Capsules
-> A general term used for substances surrounding the cell
- a gelatinous substance that the cell secretes externally
GLYCOCALYX or SUGAR COAT
- The formation is dependent on where the bacteria grew
- help in determining treatment for a disease
GLYCOCALYX or SUGAR COAT
Glycocalyx/ sugar coat
-> made up of_______ or _____ or _____
polysaccharide or polypeptide or both
2 types of glycocalyx
Capsule
Slime layer
› firmly attached to the cell wall of bacteria;
responsible for protecting pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis
capsule
-› used for adhesion
slime layer
The background will be____; the capsule appears as a____ zone
stained
clear
GRANULE
Example:
Corynebacterium diphtheria
-> store carbohydrates (stain brown with iodine)
- “iogen” granules
Granule
• Referred to as inclusion bodies
• Demonstrated by staining and other chemical means
Granules
Granules are formed when
abundant nutrients from the environment are being deposited on reserves in the cell -> granules/inclusion podies
“Little whips”
• Thin processes usually longer than the bacteria they originate from
FLAGELLA
› fibers come together to make up
flagella;
It undergo expansions and contractions; contractile (same with the concept of actin and myosin)
Flagellim
Types of flagella arrangement
Monotrichous
Lophotrichous
Amphitrichous
Peritrichous
LABORATORY PREPARATION AND EXAMINATION FOR MOTILITY AND MORPHOLOGY
A. WET MOUNT
• Bacteria examined must be___
alive
Wet mount
Process:
- Bacterial sample (from broth or agar) is placed on a drop on____ or ____ on the slide
-› Cover with a coverslip. Examine under microscope
NSS or deionized water
HANGING DROP PREPARATION
• Bacteria examined must be___
• Make use of a glass slide with a____ on it (can be made from paraffin wax) or use commercially prepared slides
alive
ring
Hanging drop preparation
• Process:
- Coverslip is added with a drop of____
-> The glass slide is allowed to stick with the coverslip
- Drop that was placed on the coverslip is “hanging” if glass slide is added and placed under the microscope
bacteria
FIXED STAINED SMEAR
• There is a need to____ the bacteria
• The____ procedure will render bacteria immobile
kill
staining
• Bacteria examined must be alive
• Make use of a glass slide with a ring on it (can be made from paraffin wax) or use commercially prepared slides
HANGING DROP PREPARATION
• There is a need to kill the bacteria
• The staining procedure will render bacteria immobile
FIXED STAINED SMEAR
-> is a type of preparation that bacteriologists use to start the determination of bacterial identity
• Bacterial Smear
• Bacterial Smear
- bacteria is heated to be fixed on the slide; heat fixing must be done___
->_____ coagulate which will make visualization on the slide better
-> cells will become distorted to some extent
rapidly
cytoplasmic proteins
