More questions

Question 1

What is another name for convenience sample

Answer 1

accidental sample

Question 2

What is the most used and practical approach to convenience sampling

Answer 2

consecutive sampling

Question 3

What is consecutive sampling

Answer 3

recruiting all patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria as they become available.

Question 4

Use of volunteers is considered what type of sampling

Answer 4

convenience

Question 5

when the researcher has control for the potential confounding effect of known characteristics of a population by guiding the sampling process so that an adequate number of subjects are obtained for each stratum

Answer 5

quota sampling

Question 6

researcher handpicks subjects on the basis of specific criteria

Answer 6

purposive sampling

Question 7

sampling method most often used to study sensitive topics, rare traits, personal networks, and social relationship

Answer 7

snowball sampling

Question 8

the ability to find significant differences when they exist

Answer 8

power

Question 9

You select your __________ first for research

Answer 9

topic

Question 10

many beginning researchers approach the initial phase of research by looking for ________ rather than topic

Answer 10

question

Question 11

research problems emerge from what 3 possibilites

Answer 11

clinical experience
clinical theory
professional literature

Question 12

Research question should have these 3 characteristics to determine if it is worth pursuing

Answer 12

important, answerable, feasible

Question 13

Target population also known as

Answer 13

reference population

Question 14

target population is

Answer 14

refers to the group of individuals to which the results of the study will apply

Question 15

provides a logical argument that shows how and why the question was developed

Answer 15

research rational

Question 16

a property that can differentiate members of a group or set

Answer 16

variables

Question 17

concepts can also be known as

Answer 17

factors

Question 18

a response or effect that is presumed to vary depending on the independent variable

Answer 18

dependent variable

Question 19

a condition, intervention, or characteristic that will predict or cause a given outcome

Answer 19

independent variable

Question 20

which variable is given values/levels

Answer 20

independent

Question 21

dictionary definition

Answer 21

conceptual definition, describes variables in general terms

Question 22

defines a variable according to its unique meaning within a study

Answer 22

operational definition

Question 23

What are the four types of research objectives

Answer 23

descriptive
measuring instruments
exploration of relationships
comparison

Question 24

descriptive studies use these to describe the study’s purpose

Answer 24

specific aims or guiding questions

Question 25

for experimental investigations and many exploratory studies involving the examination of relactionships

Answer 25

hypothesis

Question 26

hypotheses based on theoretical premise, allowing a clinician to predict what outcomes would be expected under a given set of conditions

Answer 26

deductive

Question 27

hypotheses based on trends, regularities, patterns, or relationships that are observed in clinical practice

Answer 27

inductive hypotheses

Question 28

state’s the researcher’s true expectation of results, guiding the interperation of outcomes and conclusions

Answer 28

research hypothesis

Question 29

the statistical hypothesis is called the

Answer 29

null hypothesis

Question 30

will always express no difference or no relationship between the independent and dependent variables

Answer 30

null hypothesis

Question 31

there is a difference, but does not predict the direction

Answer 31

nondirectional hypotheses

Question 32

there is a difference, and predicts the relationship rather than just stating there is a difference

Answer 32

directional hypotheses

Question 33

complex hypotheses are often _______________ hypotheses because of the potential difficulty in clarifying multiple relationships

Answer 33

non-directional

Question 34

provides a foundation for a research study. Helps us understand what is already known, what has already been done, and how we can contribute further to the current state of knowledge

Answer 34

review of literature

Question 35

is validity inherent to an instrument

Answer 35

no, must be evaluated within the context of the test’s intended use

Question 36

is validity as straight forward as establishing reliability

Answer 36

no, because measurement inferences are difficult to verify

Question 37

least rigorous method of documenting a test’s validity

Answer 37

face validity

Question 38

type of validity that refers to the adequacy with which the universe is sampled by a test

Answer 38

content validity

Question 39

what type of validity is important characteristic for questionnaires, examinations, inventories, and interviews that attempt to evaluate a range of information by selected test items

Answer 39

content validity

Question 40

the most practical and objective approach to validity testing

Answer 40

criterion-related

Question 41

useful in situations where a new or untested tool is potentially more efficient, easier to administer, more practical, or safer than another more established method, and is being proposed as an alternative

Answer 41

concurrent validity

Question 42

Examples of predictive validity

Answer 42

TUG, Berg for risk of patients falling

Question 43

definitions of these are determined only by the instrument used to measure them

Answer 43

constructs

Question 44

issues that affect validity change

Answer 44

level of measurement(use of nominal, ordinal, interval or ration)
reliability
stability
baseline scores