More questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for convenience sample

A

accidental sample

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2
Q

What is the most used and practical approach to convenience sampling

A

consecutive sampling

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3
Q

What is consecutive sampling

A

recruiting all patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria as they become available.

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4
Q

Use of volunteers is considered what type of sampling

A

convenience

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5
Q

when the researcher has control for the potential confounding effect of known characteristics of a population by guiding the sampling process so that an adequate number of subjects are obtained for each stratum

A

quota sampling

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6
Q

researcher handpicks subjects on the basis of specific criteria

A

purposive sampling

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7
Q

sampling method most often used to study sensitive topics, rare traits, personal networks, and social relationship

A

snowball sampling

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8
Q

the ability to find significant differences when they exist

A

power

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9
Q

You select your __________ first for research

A

topic

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10
Q

many beginning researchers approach the initial phase of research by looking for ________ rather than topic

A

question

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11
Q

research problems emerge from what 3 possibilites

A

clinical experience
clinical theory
professional literature

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12
Q

Research question should have these 3 characteristics to determine if it is worth pursuing

A

important, answerable, feasible

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13
Q

Target population also known as

A

reference population

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14
Q

target population is

A

refers to the group of individuals to which the results of the study will apply

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15
Q

provides a logical argument that shows how and why the question was developed

A

research rational

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16
Q

a property that can differentiate members of a group or set

A

variables

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17
Q

concepts can also be known as

A

factors

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18
Q

a response or effect that is presumed to vary depending on the independent variable

A

dependent variable

19
Q

a condition, intervention, or characteristic that will predict or cause a given outcome

A

independent variable

20
Q

which variable is given values/levels

A

independent

21
Q

dictionary definition

A

conceptual definition, describes variables in general terms

22
Q

defines a variable according to its unique meaning within a study

A

operational definition

23
Q

What are the four types of research objectives

A

descriptive
measuring instruments
exploration of relationships
comparison

24
Q

descriptive studies use these to describe the study’s purpose

A

specific aims or guiding questions

25
Q

for experimental investigations and many exploratory studies involving the examination of relactionships

A

hypothesis

26
Q

hypotheses based on theoretical premise, allowing a clinician to predict what outcomes would be expected under a given set of conditions

A

deductive

27
Q

hypotheses based on trends, regularities, patterns, or relationships that are observed in clinical practice

A

inductive hypotheses

28
Q

state’s the researcher’s true expectation of results, guiding the interperation of outcomes and conclusions

A

research hypothesis

29
Q

the statistical hypothesis is called the

A

null hypothesis

30
Q

will always express no difference or no relationship between the independent and dependent variables

A

null hypothesis

31
Q

there is a difference, but does not predict the direction

A

nondirectional hypotheses

32
Q

there is a difference, and predicts the relationship rather than just stating there is a difference

A

directional hypotheses

33
Q

complex hypotheses are often _______________ hypotheses because of the potential difficulty in clarifying multiple relationships

A

non-directional

34
Q

provides a foundation for a research study. Helps us understand what is already known, what has already been done, and how we can contribute further to the current state of knowledge

A

review of literature

35
Q

is validity inherent to an instrument

A

no, must be evaluated within the context of the test’s intended use

36
Q

is validity as straight forward as establishing reliability

A

no, because measurement inferences are difficult to verify

37
Q

least rigorous method of documenting a test’s validity

A

face validity

38
Q

type of validity that refers to the adequacy with which the universe is sampled by a test

A

content validity

39
Q

what type of validity is important characteristic for questionnaires, examinations, inventories, and interviews that attempt to evaluate a range of information by selected test items

A

content validity

40
Q

the most practical and objective approach to validity testing

A

criterion-related

41
Q

useful in situations where a new or untested tool is potentially more efficient, easier to administer, more practical, or safer than another more established method, and is being proposed as an alternative

A

concurrent validity

42
Q

Examples of predictive validity

A

TUG, Berg for risk of patients falling

43
Q

definitions of these are determined only by the instrument used to measure them

A

constructs

44
Q

issues that affect validity change

A

level of measurement(use of nominal, ordinal, interval or ration)
reliability
stability
baseline scores