More questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for convenience sample

A

accidental sample

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2
Q

What is the most used and practical approach to convenience sampling

A

consecutive sampling

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3
Q

What is consecutive sampling

A

recruiting all patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria as they become available.

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4
Q

Use of volunteers is considered what type of sampling

A

convenience

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5
Q

when the researcher has control for the potential confounding effect of known characteristics of a population by guiding the sampling process so that an adequate number of subjects are obtained for each stratum

A

quota sampling

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6
Q

researcher handpicks subjects on the basis of specific criteria

A

purposive sampling

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7
Q

sampling method most often used to study sensitive topics, rare traits, personal networks, and social relationship

A

snowball sampling

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8
Q

the ability to find significant differences when they exist

A

power

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9
Q

You select your __________ first for research

A

topic

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10
Q

many beginning researchers approach the initial phase of research by looking for ________ rather than topic

A

question

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11
Q

research problems emerge from what 3 possibilites

A

clinical experience
clinical theory
professional literature

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12
Q

Research question should have these 3 characteristics to determine if it is worth pursuing

A

important, answerable, feasible

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13
Q

Target population also known as

A

reference population

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14
Q

target population is

A

refers to the group of individuals to which the results of the study will apply

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15
Q

provides a logical argument that shows how and why the question was developed

A

research rational

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16
Q

a property that can differentiate members of a group or set

A

variables

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17
Q

concepts can also be known as

A

factors

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18
Q

a response or effect that is presumed to vary depending on the independent variable

A

dependent variable

19
Q

a condition, intervention, or characteristic that will predict or cause a given outcome

A

independent variable

20
Q

which variable is given values/levels

A

independent

21
Q

dictionary definition

A

conceptual definition, describes variables in general terms

22
Q

defines a variable according to its unique meaning within a study

A

operational definition

23
Q

What are the four types of research objectives

A

descriptive
measuring instruments
exploration of relationships
comparison

24
Q

descriptive studies use these to describe the study’s purpose

A

specific aims or guiding questions

25
for experimental investigations and many exploratory studies involving the examination of relactionships
hypothesis
26
hypotheses based on theoretical premise, allowing a clinician to predict what outcomes would be expected under a given set of conditions
deductive
27
hypotheses based on trends, regularities, patterns, or relationships that are observed in clinical practice
inductive hypotheses
28
state's the researcher's true expectation of results, guiding the interperation of outcomes and conclusions
research hypothesis
29
the statistical hypothesis is called the
null hypothesis
30
will always express no difference or no relationship between the independent and dependent variables
null hypothesis
31
there is a difference, but does not predict the direction
nondirectional hypotheses
32
there is a difference, and predicts the relationship rather than just stating there is a difference
directional hypotheses
33
complex hypotheses are often _______________ hypotheses because of the potential difficulty in clarifying multiple relationships
non-directional
34
provides a foundation for a research study. Helps us understand what is already known, what has already been done, and how we can contribute further to the current state of knowledge
review of literature
35
is validity inherent to an instrument
no, must be evaluated within the context of the test's intended use
36
is validity as straight forward as establishing reliability
no, because measurement inferences are difficult to verify
37
least rigorous method of documenting a test's validity
face validity
38
type of validity that refers to the adequacy with which the universe is sampled by a test
content validity
39
what type of validity is important characteristic for questionnaires, examinations, inventories, and interviews that attempt to evaluate a range of information by selected test items
content validity
40
the most practical and objective approach to validity testing
criterion-related
41
useful in situations where a new or untested tool is potentially more efficient, easier to administer, more practical, or safer than another more established method, and is being proposed as an alternative
concurrent validity
42
Examples of predictive validity
TUG, Berg for risk of patients falling
43
definitions of these are determined only by the instrument used to measure them
constructs
44
issues that affect validity change
level of measurement(use of nominal, ordinal, interval or ration) reliability stability baseline scores