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Fall 2013- 710 Research > Exam 2 Practice Test Questions > Flashcards

Exam 2 Practice Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

A researcher takes his population, separates into 4 classes by specific characteristics and then takes a random sample from each class. This type of sample is termed which of the following?

A

proportional stratified sampling

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2
Q

An example of Systematic sampling:

A

pick a number like 10 by choice not randomly choosing number 10, then choose every 10th person; organized first in a pre-numbered list or alphabetically

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3
Q

Simple random sampling:

A

population not organized first

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4
Q

Define sampling bias:

A

Occurs when the individuals selected for a sample overrepresent or underrepresent certain population attributes that are related to the phenomenon under study

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5
Q

For your research you have identified 3 subjects that meet your inclusion criteria and then you ask each subject to recommend another person who also meets the inclusion criteria. You are using which of the following sampling techniques?

A

Snowball sampling

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6
Q

Research purpose also known as:

A

Research Objectives (also theses: specific aims, objective, hypothesis, purpose)

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7
Q

Identify a research topic of interest you have in PT:

A

a TOPIC is a broad area!!! When you get too specific it is a PROBLEM. An example would be patient satisfaction or e-stim

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8
Q

In an experiment study factors that the researcher is unable to control are considered to be which of the following?

A

Limitations

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9
Q

In order to determine true cause-and-effect between the independent and dependent variables it is important that the instrument of measurement display which of the following characteristics?

A

Responsiveness

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10
Q

In research, a predictor variable is called the _____ variable, while the outcome variable is called the _____ variable.

A

independent, dependent

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11
Q

Probability samples are created through what kind of sampling process?

A

random selection

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12
Q

The null hypothesis also called?

A

statistical hypothesis

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13
Q

The research hypotheses is defined by which statement?

A

stating the researcher’s true expectation of results, guiding the interpretation of outcomes and conclusion

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14
Q
  1. The researcher has stated his hypothesis as the following: “There will be a greater level in perceived learning between students enrolled in online courses than those enrolled in on-campus courses.” This is an example of which of the following types of hypothesis?
A

Directional hypothesis (independent: teaching techniques)

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15
Q
  1. The statement “there will be a difference in…”, used in a hypothesis would indicate it is which of the following types of hypotheses?
A

Nondirectional hypothesis

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16
Q

When a researcher presents his/her results in a presentation or publication, this is considered what?

A

Primary source

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17
Q

What is considered an operational definition?

A

Adult is defined as “a subject over the age of 18”

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18
Q

Which of the following statements best describes a population?

A

The defined aggregate of subjects who meet inclusion criteria

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19
Q

“Measure” is defined as:

A

an empirical representation of an underlying concept or construct, the numeral or category assigned to an object, event, or person according to pre-set rules

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20
Q

A PT researcher has developed a test for balance and administers the new test at the same time as the Berg Balance Scale to measure which type of validity?

A

Concurrent validity (test you have is concurrent with the gold standard or other tests that have are known to be valid)

21
Q

A determination of poor reliability would be made when the reliability coefficient is below what level?

A

0.5

22
Q

A researcher is completing a study to validate the cutoff scores from a new test on a different group of subjects, this type of study is termed which of the following?

A

Cross-validation

23
Q

Another term for homogeneity in data is which of the following?

A

Internal consistency

24
Q

Content validity is measured by which of the following methods?

A

Panel of experts

25
Q

Define “formative evaluation” in plain language:

A

assessment of a program during developmental stages to determine how it should be implemented and ongoing assessment of operation of the program.

26
Q

Face validity:

A

when it appears to test what it is supposed to

27
Q

In measurement, what is meant by the term “measurement error”?

A

the difference between true value and observed value

28
Q

Name the type of data with the level of measurement: GENDER

A

nominal scale

29
Q

Name the type of data with the level of measurement: AGE

A

ratio scale or interval

30
Q

Name the type of data with the level of measurement: SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE

A

interval

31
Q

Name the type of data with the level of measurement: VISUAL ANALOG PAIN SCALE

A

interval

32
Q

Name the type of data with the level of measurement: ABOVE STANDARDS, BELOW STANDARDS

A

ordinal scale

33
Q

Name the type of data with the level of measurement: DIAGNOSIS

A

nominal

34
Q

MDD:

A

the smallest amount of difference that passes the threshold of error

35
Q

Specificity is also known as the:

A

true negative

36
Q

Consistency is also known as:

A

reliability

37
Q

Patient’s scores are 12, 10, 14. They are reported as 12. What is this called?

A

Regression toward the mean

38
Q

The mathematical range of a reliability coefficient is:

A

0.00 to 1.00

39
Q

Patient cant complete test, has gotten worse:

A

floor effect

40
Q

Validity is consistent and does not change for a specific test/measurement (true/false):

A

false

41
Q

Screening for risk factors, the instrument should have which of the following?

A

Predictive validity

42
Q

“a statement of quality, goodness, merit, value, or worthiness about what has been assessed”

A

evaluation

43
Q

You have designed a study to investigate if student’s scores on a modalities test improve if students participate in a study group or not. Using only this info, the variable represented by the test score can be described as which of the following?

A

Dependent & Continuous (test score is continuous from 0-?)

44
Q

Measure is:

A

numeral/category assigned to an object or person according to pre-set rules

45
Q

Patient researcher has developed a test for balance and administered a new test AT SAME TIME as a Berg balance test

A

Concurrent validity

46
Q

Type of validation used when we have cutoff scores and those scores are compared with scores of a new test on a different group of subjects

A

Cross validation: when an original sample of a test would yield a sample score, and that score will be compared with other experimental samples

47
Q

Reliability:

A

extent to which a measurement is CONSISTENT and FREE FROM ERROR

is also having CONSISTENCY of response under given conditions

48
Q

Type of validity using a gold standard:

A

criterion-related validity

Fall 2013- 710 Research (11 decks)

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