More on Evolution Flashcards
tuberculosis
disease caused by the bacteria Myobacterium tuberculosis
1980-1993 WHO categorized as nonglobal health threat
antibiotics for tuberculosis
Rifampin/isoniazid
attach to the RNA polymerase of bacteria preventing protein production (cell death)
1993 HIV patient
contracted TB and successfully treated (tested neg.) w/ antibiotics for 10 mo.
came back 2 mo. later w/ TB and died 10 days later w/ treatment
blood sample HIV patient comparison
resistant bacteria w/ point mutation @ amino acid 153
Rifampin could no longer bind to RNA polymerase
adaption
heritable trait that increases fitness
adaptive evolution
increases fitness
2 types
2 types of adaptive evolution
natural selection
sexual selection
natural selection types
disruptive
stabilizing
directional
sexual selection definition
non-random mating
works on traits that increase mate acquisition
non-adaptive evolution
mutation
gene flow
genetic drift
gene flow types
immigration
emmigration
genetic drift
random change in allege frequency due to chance
bottleneck effect and founder effect
bottleneck effect
part of genetic drift
large population is randomly reduced dramatically
ex. cheetahs
founder effect
part of genetic drift
small subset of a population is separated from parent population
ex. Darwin’s finches on Galapagos Island
sexual selection process
fundamental asymmetry in sex; eggs are expensive, sperm is cheap
leads to sexual dimorphism (male/female differences in morphology)
ex. peacock, courtship behavior, zebra finches, birds of paradise
